陕西省文化遗产时空分布格局及形成因素研究——以全国重点文物保护单位为例

Temporal and spatial distribution pattern and forming factors of cultural heritage in Shaanxi Province:Based on the National Key Cultural Relics Protection Units

以陕西省全国重点文物保护单位为研究对象,运用GIS空间分析功能对其时空演化进行研究。结果表明,陕西省全国重点文物保护单位的形成年代多属于秦汉、隋唐、明清三个历史时期;全国重点文物保护单位类型的时空分布特征表现出较强的相似性;全国重点文物保护单位的空间分布不均衡,关中地区集聚明显,陕北、陕南地区分布较少;全国重点文物保护单位的空间分布类型均为集聚型,史前至明清时期,呈以西安、渭南、咸阳为核心的主密度圈,以榆林、宝鸡、汉中为核心的次级密度圈。近代以来,呈以延安为核心的主密度圈和以西安咸阳为核心的主密度圈并存的格局。分析陕西省全国重点文物保护单位时空分布的形成因素,发现其空间分布与自然、人文地理环境优越的区域耦合紧密,而其时间分布与都城的出现关联度较高。

Taking the National Key Cultural Relics Protection Units in Shaanxi Province as the research object,the spatial and temporal evolution is studied by using GIS spatial analysis function.It presents that the majority of Key Cultural Relics Protection Units in Shaanxi Province belongs to three periods,namely Qin and Han Dynasties;Sui,Tang and Five Dynasties,and Ming and Qing Dynasties.The spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of National Key Cultural Relics Protection Units show strong similarity.The spatial distribution of National Key Cultural Relics Protection units across the country is uneven,with obvious agglomeration in Guanzhong area and less distribution in northern and southern Shaanxi.In different historical periods,the spatial distribution types of National Key Cultural Relics Protection Units were all agglomeration.From prehistoric times to Ming and Qing Dynasties,the pattern appeared to be the main density circles with Xi′an,Weinan and Xianyang as the core,and the secondary density circles with Yulin,Baoji and Hanzhong as the core.Since modern times,the main density circle with Yan′an as the core and the main density circle with Xi′an-Xianyang as the core coexist.It is found that the spatial distribution is highly coincident with the regions with superior natural and human geographical environments,and its time distribution has a high correlation with the emergence of the capital.