收入差距与农村老年人主观幸福感的影响研究

The Influence of Income Gap on Subjective Well-being of Rural Old People

老龄化和收入不平等是影响我国经济增长的两大因素,幸福感作为我国社会发展质量的重要衡量因素,收入差距扩大是否会对我国农村老年人的主观幸福感产生不利影响?基于相对剥夺理论与社会福利最大化理论,以中国健康与养老追踪调查数据(CHARLS)为基础,运用计量模型,从收入差距的个体效应与总体效应研究其对农村老年人主观幸福感的影响。结果表明:收入差距的扩大会提升高收入人群的幸福感,但也会降低低收入人群的幸福感,社会总体收入差距的扩大不利于整个社会幸福感的提升;家庭转移支付能够通过减少收入差距来提升老年人主观幸福感,而政府的转移支付由于额度有限,对减少收入差距提升老年人幸福感的作用十分有限。据此,应减少老年人之间的收入差距,加强农村社会养老保障制度建设,营造良好老龄化氛围,以此提升老年人主观幸福感。

Aging and income inequality are the two major factors that affect China's economic growth,and well-being is an important factor to measure the quality of China's social development.Will the widening income gap have a negative effect on the subjective well-being of rural elderly in China?Based on the theories of relative deprivation and social welfare maximization,and on the basis of data of China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study(CHARLS),this paper uses the econometric model to study the impact of the income gap on the subjective well-being of the rural elderly from the individual effect and the overall effect.The results show that:The expansion of income gap will improve the well-being of the high-income group,but reduce the well-being of the low-income group.The expansion of the overall social income gap is not conducive to the improvement of the whole social well-being.Family transfer payment can improve the subjective well-being of the old people by reducing the income gap,while due to the limited amount,the government transfer payment has limited effect on it.Finally,some suggestions are put forward according to the research results.Accordingly,the income gap between the elderly should be reduced,the construction of the rural social pension security system should be strengthened,and a good aging atmosphere should be created to enhance the subjective well-being of the elderly.