脱贫巩固阶段教育扶贫政策的实施困境与治理突破——基于连片特困地区村(社区)的质性研究

Predicament and Improvement of the Educational Poverty Alleviation Policy:A Qualitative Study of Villages/Communities in Contiguous Destitute Areas

随着脱贫减贫工作的胜利收官,如何夯实脱贫成果防止返贫是当下面临的主要挑战之一。本研究运用质性研究法,聚焦连片深度贫困地区和特殊贫困群体,以已实现“脱贫摘帽”的村(社区)的基层政策执行者和政策服务对象为研究对象,考察脱贫巩固阶段教育扶贫政策在连片特困地区实施的现状与完善路径。研究发现学生资助、义务教育阶段“零辍学”红线和成年贫困群体的技能培训等教育扶贫政策产生了显著效果,但贫困户教育帮扶依赖度高、农村学生“隐性辍学”凸显、成年贫困群体扶智效率低、贫困特殊儿童教育成为短板等问题仍普遍存在。后脱贫时代需加强教育扶贫的四个重点关注,实现四个重点突破,即建立巩固期教育帮扶衔接机制、创建教育扶贫专项督导机制、创新成年贫困群体继续教育和农村特殊教育保障机制。

Education is a fundamental way to block intergenerational transmission of poverty.Contiguous destitute areas are the main fields of poverty alleviation.The research conducts a survey focusing on the implementation of the educational poverty alleviation policy in contiguous destitute areas on the consolidation stage,sampling from policy executors of the village level and the service objects.The results show that the policy has made remarkable achievements,such as financial support of poor students,strict″zero drop-out″goal in compulsory education and vocational training of poor grown-ups.But problems still commonly exist,such as high dependence on the policy,″hidden drop-out″in rural areas,low absorption and transformation in intellectual poverty alleviation and limited resources for special education.Policy improvements should focus on establishing flexible educational aid policy,strengthening the quality of education in rural schools,establishing a long-term mechanism for intellectual poverty alleviation for poor grown-ups and providing sufficient resources for rural special kids.