碱化对土壤性质和植物生理生态特征的影响

Effects of Alkalization on Soil Properties and Plant Physiological and Ecological Characteristics

碱化是土壤盐渍化的一种,相比于其他土壤盐渍化类型,碱化土壤的性质更加恶劣,导致严重的土壤退化和植物盐碱胁迫问题,但研究却相对较少。本文综述了碱化对土壤性质及植物生长代谢的影响。碱化对土壤的影响包括土壤表观形态、土壤质地、pH、电导率、碱化度、Na^(+)与其他离子之间关系以及土壤微生物群落变化等物理、化学、生物方面的影响;对植物生理过程的影响主要包括对渗透胁迫、光合及呼吸作用、离子平衡、养分吸收等方面的影响。简要概括了碱化土壤物理、化学、生物治理措施原理及存在的问题。本文旨在提高对土壤碱化现象的关注,为未来研究提供思路。

Alkalization is a kind of soil salinization. Compared with other types of soil salinization, the properties of alkalized soil are worse, leading to serious soil degradation and plant salt alkali stress, but the research is relatively less. In this review, the effects of sodium alkalization on soil properties and plant physiological and ecological processes were summarized. The effects of sodium alkalization on soil include deterioration of soil surface morphology,soil structure, pH, conductivity, exchangeable sodium percentage, Na^(+) and other ions, as well as the changes of soil microbial communities. The effects on plant growth and metabolism include osmotic stress, photosynthesis and respiration, ion balance and nutrient absorption. Meanwhile, the principles of physical, chemical and biological control measures for alkalized soil and the existing problems were briefly summarized. The purpose of this paper is to raise the attention to the phenomenon of soil alkalization and provide ideas for future research.