植物中天然橡胶合成及研究进展

Synthesis and research progress of natural rubber in divergent plant species

天然橡胶作为生物高分子聚合物,可制造多种橡胶制品,在一些特殊领域中无法被合成橡胶所取代。目前巴西橡胶树是唯一商业化种植的天然产胶植物,巴西橡胶树橡胶产量下降,全球对天然橡胶的需求不断增加,因此筛选和开发产胶替代植物是解决这一问题的重要手段之一,利用分子生物学技术培育天然橡胶合成基因高表达的产胶植物是一种可行方法。对天然产胶植物、天然橡胶生物合成途径进行了系统分析,提出了天然橡胶生物合成研究面临的挑战以及天然橡胶代谢途径工程的未来展望,以加速产胶替代植物的商业化发展。

Natural rubber is a kind of biopolymer,which can be used in the manufacture of various products.It can not be replaced by synthetic rubber in some special fields.All commercially available natural rubber currently is harvested from a single species,the Brazilian rubber tree.What is more worrying is that rubber production may be threatened by leaf blight with global demand for natural rubber.One of the ways to solve this problem is to screen and develop alternative plants.It is a feasible method to cultivate high expression genotypes of natural rubber by using molecular biology technology.Natural rubber producing plants and natural rubber biosynthesis pathway were summarized systematically.The challenges of natural rubber biosynthesis research and the future prospect of natural rubber metabolic pathway engineering were emphasized,so as to accelerate the commercial development of rubber substitute plants.