不同性别大学生中医体质与体质健康测试相关性分析

Analysis of Correlation Between Chinese Medicine Constitution and Physical Health Test of College Students of Different Genders

目的:探讨男、女大学生中医体质分类的分布规律及其与体质健康测试的相关性。方法:采用《中医体质量表》调查分析随机抽取的广州中医药大学2018级420名男生、654名女生的中医体质分布特征,同时根据《国家学生体质健康标准》对学生身体形态[身高、体质量、体质量指数(BMI)]、身体机能(肺活量)和身体素质(立定跳远、长跑、引体向上或仰卧起坐、短跑)进行体质测试,分析男、女本科生中医体质类型与国家学生体质健康测试评分的相关性。结果:与男大学生比较,女大学生阳虚质、痰湿质、血瘀质占比较高(P<0.05,P<0.01);平和质占比较低(P<0.01)。女大学生身高、体质量、肺活量、短跑、长跑、立定跳远、体质测试总分均低于男大学生(P<0.05,P<0.01),而BMI、坐位体前屈、仰卧起坐/引体向上得分均高于男大学生(P<0.01)。男大学生气虚质与身高、阳虚质与立定跳远呈正相关(P<0.05);痰湿质与体质量、痰湿质与BMI、气郁质与坐位体前屈、阳虚质与坐位体前屈呈负相关(P<0.05)。女大学生平和质与立定跳远,气虚质与身高、肺活量、短跑,痰湿质与体质量、BMI呈正相关(P<0.05,P<0.01);气虚质与体质量、立定跳远、长跑,血瘀质、阳虚质与立定跳远呈负相关(P<0.05,P<0.01)。与女大学生比较,平和质男生肺活量偏高、立定跳远偏远、BMI偏大(P<0.05,P<0.01);不同性别大学生平和质评分越高,体测评分越好;8种偏颇体质评分越高,体测评分越差。结论:2018级本科生中偏颇体质占比较高,中医体质类型与国家学生体质健康测试评分有较高的相关性,建议根据性别不同,辨体施养,以提高大学生体质健康,促进身心共同发展。

Objective:To discuss the correlation between the distribution rules of Chinese medicine constitution of college students of different genders and their physical health test.Methods:The Constitution in Chinese Medicine Questionnaire was used to analyze the features of distribution of Chinese medicine constitution in a randomly selected sample of 420 male and 654 female students of grade 2018 from Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine.According to National Students Physical Health Standard,physical health test was performed from three aspects,namely body shape[height,body mass,body mass index(BMI)],physical function(vital capacity),and physical quality(standing long jump,longdistance running,pull-up or sit-up,short-distance running).The correlation between Chinese medicine constitution types of undergraduates of different genders and scores of National Students Physical Health Test was analyzed.Results:When compared with male undergraduates,female undergraduates had a higher proportion of yang deficiency constitution,phlegm-dampness constitution and blood stasis constitution(P<0.05,P<0.01),and a lower proportion of moderate constitution(P<0.01).When compared with male undergraduates,female undergraduates had lower scores of height,body mass,vital capacity,short-distance running,long-distance running and standing long jump as well as the total score of physical health test(P<0.05,P<0.01);scores of BMI,sit and reach,as well as sit-up or pull-up were higher than those of male undergraduates(P<0.01).There were positive correlations between qi deficiency constitution and height,as well as between yang deficiency constitution and standing long jump in male undergraduates(P<0.05);there were negative correlations between phlegm-dampness constitution and body mass,between phlegm-dampness constitution and BMI,between qi depression constitution and sit and reach,as well as between yang deficiency constitution and sit and reach(P<0.05).In female undergraduates,there were positive correlations between moderate constitution and standing long jump,between qi deficiency constitution and height,vital capacity,short distance running,and between phlegm-dampness constitution and weight,BMI(P<0.05,P<0.01);there were negative correlations between qi deficiency constitution and weight,standing long jump,long distance running,and between blood stasis constitution,yang deficiency constitution and standing long jump(P<0.05,P<0.01).When compared with female undergraduates,male undergraduates with moderate constitution had higher BMI,larger vital capacity and longer distance of standing long jump(P<0.05,P<0.01);the higher the scores of moderate constitution of different genders,the better the physical test scores;the higher the scores of eight types of biased constitution,the worse the physical test scores.Conclusion:Grade 2018 undergraduates have a relatively high proportion of biased constitution.Chinese medicine constitution types and scores of National Students Physical Health Test show a relatively high correlation.In order to improve the physical health of college students and promote the common development of body and mind,methods to strengthen the body should be varied according to genders and constitution types.