1985-2014年中国汉族18岁青少年身高长期趋势的性别差异变化

Gender difference in secular trends of body height in Chinese Han adolescents aged 18 years,1985-2014

目的:分析1985-2014年中国汉族18岁青少年身高长期趋势的性别变化。方法:选取1985、1995、2000、2005、2010和2014年6次全国学生体质与健康调研中124099名18岁汉族青少年的身高数据。以性别分层,采用ANOVA比较各年度青少年的平均身高,以及城乡、地区和营养状况亚组中的身高差异。计算各年度性别身高差和身高比。采用分位数回归模型,以身高为因变量,在不同地区分层下分析不同身高水平与性别关系随时间的变化。结果:1985-2014年,中国18岁男性青少年平均身高以1.3 cm/10年的速度增长,女性青少年增长速度为0.8 cm/10年,无论男女,身高增幅最快的阶段均为1995-2005年。男性青少年各亚组平均身高均高于女性(P<0.05)。性别身高差一直在扩大,从1985年的11.1 cm上升到2014年的12.6 cm,性别身高比稳定在1.07~1.08之间。无论男女,18岁青少年的平均身高均表现为城市高于乡村,东北地区高于其他地区(P<0.05),2000年后的男性肥胖青少年和2010年后的女性肥胖青少年平均身高高于其他群体(P<0.05)。在控制了城乡、地区、社会经济水平和营养状况的影响后,18岁男女青少年身高在P 5、P 25、P 50、P 75和P 95都有随时间增长的趋势,不同百分位点身高的性别差值在0.45 cm/10年~0.57 cm/10年之间。地区分层分析结果显示,除东北地区身高P 5和P 95外,东北地区其他百分位点和其他地区各百分位点身高增长幅度的性别差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论:1985-2014年,身高的性别差异在扩大,男性青少年身高增长更为明显,东北和东部地区青少年身高增幅更大,未来要增加对中西部青少年的关注,发挥其身高发育的潜力。

Objective To analyze the gender difference in secular trends of body height in Chinese Han adolescents aged 18 years from 1985 to 2014.Methods Data were extracted from 1985,1995,2000,2005,2010 and 2014 Chinese National Surveys in Students'Constitution and Health.A total of 124099 Chinese Han adolescents aged 18 years were included in the analysis.ANOVA test was used to compare the body height between different subgroups stratified by gender and the mean difference and ratio in body height were calculated.Quantile regression model was used to assess the association between body height and gender over time in the adolescents stratified by region or area.Results The mean body height of adolescents aged 18 years increased significantly from 1985 to 2014 with the rate of 1.3 cm/decade in male adolescents and 0.8 cm/decade in female adolescents,and the highest increment occurred from 1995 to 2005 in both groups.Male adolescents were taller than female adolescents at each subgroup(P<0.05).Gender difference in body height increased from 11.1 cm in 1985 to 12.6 cm in 2014 and ratio remained to be 1.07-1.08.The body height was taller in adolescents in urban area than in rural area(P<0.05)and in northeastern China than in other regions(P<0.05)in both male and female adolescents.The body height of obese male adolescents had been taller since 2000 and the body height of obese female adolescents had been taller since 2010 than other groups.When adjusted for urban-rural areas,region,socioeconomic status and nutritional status,the body height increased over time at P5,P25,P50,P75 and P95 in both male and female adolescents,and the increments of gender difference in body height at different percentile ranged from 0.45 cm/decade to 0.57 cm/decade.When stratified by region,the gender difference in body height showed similar trend with total sample except P5 and P95 in northeastern China,the difference of increments were not significant.Conclusions From 1985 to 2014,the gender difference in body height of Chinese Han adolescents aged 18 years increased,and male adolescents showed greater increase than female adolescents.Moreover,the adolescents in northeastern and eastern China had larger increment in body height.It is necessary to paid more attention to the adolescents in central and western China to promote their physical development.