上海市成年人健康期望寿命测算研究

Analysis on adult health life expectancy in Shanghai

目的:评价上海市居民健康状况,测算健康期望寿命,分析影响居民健康相关因素,为卫生决策提供有力的信息和依据。方法:采用多阶段分层随机抽样方法随机抽取上海市≥18岁户籍居民作为调查对象,采用WHO在世界健康调查中使用的自评健康调查问卷,进行居民自评健康状况调查。应用CHOHT模型校正自评健康调查数据,获得人群自报伤残测度,结合上海市居民出生、死亡和人口资料编制人口寿命表计算期望寿命,采用Sullivan法测算居民健康期望寿命。结果:2017年上海市≥18岁成年人自评伤残测度为0.25,女性(0.28)高于男性(0.23);≥18岁成年人期望寿命为65.76岁,女性(68.22岁)高于男性(63.39岁);≥18岁成年人健康期望寿命为47.99岁,男性(49.05岁)高于女性(47.14岁);健康期望寿命在期望寿命中的比例随年龄增加逐渐降低,18岁组居民健康期望寿命占期望寿命比例为72.97%,至85岁组仅为39.00%。结论:上海市成年人男性健康水平高于女性,随着年龄增加健康期望寿命损失占期望寿命的比例越来越高。应重视提高女性、老龄等人群的生存质量,提升对影响居民寿命质量的慢性病等重大疾病防控,加强重点人群的长期照护及健康支持体系,提升居民健康水平和生活质量。

Objective To investigate health status and calculate health life expectancy(HE)of residents in Shanghai,analyze health related factors and provided foundation of health policy.Methods A multi-stage stratified random sampling was used to obtain self-reported health survey in Shanghai.WHO questionnaire was used to evaluate the health quality of life which was designed for the world health survey,Sullivan's method was used to calculate HE.Results The self-assessment disability measure for adults over 18 years old in Shanghai was 0.25,higher for women(0.28)than for men(0.23).LE was 65.76 years for adults over 18 years old,higher for women(68.22)than for men(63.39).HE for adults over 18 years old was 47.99 years old,higher for men(49.05)than women(47.14).HE's proportion in LE gradually decreases with age.It accounts for 72.97%in the 18 years old and 39.00%in the 85 years old.Conclusions The health of adult male in Shanghai is higher than that of female,and the proportion of HE loss of elderly is higher than young people.It is necessary to focus on the aging problem and strengthen the long-term care and health support system for the elderly.Improve the prevention and control of major diseases such as chronic diseases,which affect the quality of life expectancy seriously.Promotes the health level and quality of life in Shanghai.