早期结直肠癌和癌前病变实验诊断技术中国专家共识

Chinese experts consensus on experimental diagnosis of colorectal cancer in precancerous lesions and early stage

近年来我国结直肠癌发病率逐年上升,且出现年轻化趋势。结直肠癌是为数不多的采用适当筛查方法可以发现癌前病变或早期肿瘤,从而通过适宜临床干预降低发病率和病死率的恶性疾病。肠镜为公认的筛查金标准,但我国人口众多,医疗资源分布不均,无法成为大规模筛查手段。本文主要介绍了常用及近年来新的无创实验诊断技术,介绍了各项技术在结直肠癌早诊和癌前病变筛查方面的优缺点,旨在为个人、医疗机构以及政府相关部门选择检查方法和制定筛查策略提供参考。

The incidence of colorectal cancer in China has been increasing and is trending younger in recent years.Colorectal cancer is one of the few malignant diseases that can be detected at precancerous lesion or early-stage with appropriate screening methods,thereby reducing morbidity and mortality through appropriate clinical interventions.Colonoscopy is recognized as the gold standard for colorectal cancer screening.However,colonscopy cannot be used as a large-scale screening method in China due to the large population and uneven distribution of medical resources.This article mainly introduces the commonly used and some newly developed non-invasive experimental diagnostic techniques,including advantages and disadvantages of each technique in the early diagnosis of colorectal cancer and the screening of precancerous lesions,aiming to provide reference for individuals,medical institutions and relevant government departments to choose examination methods and formulate appropriate screening strategies.