基于入户调查的贵阳市生活燃煤排放清单

Household survey based study on emission inventory of residential coal burning in city of Guiyang

为准确掌握贵阳市生活燃煤大气污染物的排放状况,为南方山地城市大气污染防治工作提供科学依据,本研究于2017年对贵阳市生活燃煤情况开展了入户调查.据统计分析,2016—2018年贵阳市常住人口和生活煤炭消费量变化小.同时,采用排放系数法结合GIS技术,建立了贵阳市2016年1 km×1 km生活燃煤大气污染物排放清单.结果表明:(1)全市生活燃煤量约为55.9×104 t,单位面积燃煤量为69.5 t·km^(-2),不同区(市、县)生活燃煤量存在明显差异;从燃煤总量来看,开阳县最大,云岩区最小;从单位面积燃煤量来看,云岩区最大,息烽县最小.(2)全市生活燃煤PM_(10)、PM_(2.5)、SO_(2)、NO_(x)、VOCs、CO、OC、BC排放量分别为1230.5、783.0、6963.5、615.3、1006.8、39096.4、55.9、3.9 t,单位面积排放量分别为153.0、97.4、865.7、76.5、125.2、4860.7、7.0、0.5 kg·km^(-2).(3)生活燃煤污染物排放量呈明显的季节性变化特征,冬季采暖季污染物的排放量远高于非采暖季.(4)在空间分布上,大气污染物排放主要集中在云岩区、南明区、白云区中南部,以及观山湖区东南部、乌当区西南部及花溪区东北部,这与居民生活区域基本呈一致性分布.(5)调查样本量覆盖了总家庭户数的1.5%,全市以煤炭为生活能源的住户占比约为38.1%,户均燃煤量为(1.158±0.010)t·a^(-1),排放清单不确定性总体范围为-82.6%~201.0%.

A sampling survey on residential coal burning was undertaken to further understand its air pollution in Guiyang of 2017, which could also provide recommendations for air pollution control in southern mountainous urban areas. According to statistical analysis, the variation of precision of the resident population and domestic coal consumption was small from 2016 to 2018. The 1 km×1 km-gridded emission inventory of air pollutants was established by adopting the emission coefficient method and GIS technology from domestic coal combustion in Guiyang City in 2016. The results showed that the domestic coal combustion in the whole city was about 55.9×10^(4) t, and the coal combustion per unit area was 69.5 t·km^(-2), There were significant differences of domestic coal combustion in different districts. From the perspective of total coal combustion, Kaiyang County was the largest, and Yunyan District was the smallest;In terms of coal combustion per unit area, Yunyan District was the largest, and Xifeng County was the smallest. The emissions of PM_(10), PM_(2.5), SO_(2), NO_(x), VOCs, CO, OC, and BC from domestic coal combustion in the city were 1230.5, 783.0, 6963.5, 615.3, 1006.8, 39096.4, 55.9 and 3.9 t, and the emissions per unit area were 153.0, 97.4, 865.7, 76.5, 125.2, 4860.7, 7.0 and 0.5 kg·km^(-2), respectively. The emission of pollutants from domestic coal combustion showed significant seasonal variation, and the emission of pollutants in the heating season was higher than the non-heating season. In terms of spatial distribution, air pollutant emissions were mainly concentrated in Yunyan District, Nanming District, the middle and south of Baiyun District, the southeast of Guanshanhu District, the southwest of Wudang District and the northeast of Huaxi District, which were basically distributed consistent with the residents′ living areas. The sample size of the survey covered 1.5% of the total households, and the proportion of households using coal as their living energy was about 38.1%. The average coal combustion per household was(1.158±0.010) t·a^(-1), and the overall range of emission inventory uncertainty is-82.6%~201.0%.