“暴力改变了我”,然后呢?——格吕克《阿弗尔诺》中的后“9·11”悲悼

Post-9/11 Mourning in Louise Glück’s Averno

露易丝·格吕克在"9·11"之后发表的诗集《阿弗尔诺》可被视为这位桂冠诗人对国家悲剧的一次诗学沉思。然而,与主流创伤理论以及典型的"9·11"诗歌体现的创伤抒情不同,《阿弗尔诺》传达了女诗人对于暴力和现实、创伤和疗救、过去和现在等问题的复杂态度。借助于对古典神话的当代改写和冷峻的抒情基调,格吕克以一种游离于自白派和浪漫主义之外的后"9·11"诗歌写作,提出了艺术家以追寻痛苦的"澄明"为认知目标的修通之路。她对于创伤话语及其背后"残酷乐观主义"的批判,可以帮助我们更好地理解暴力断裂的连续性,并重塑指向未来的"当下感"。

Louise Glück’s tenth collection of poetry, Averno, was published after 9/11, and can be regarded as the United States Poet Laureate’s poetic meditation on her country’s tragedy on September 11, 2001. Nevertheless, Averno, when conveying her ambivalent attitudes toward some tough issues such as violence and reality, trauma and therapy, the past and the present, etc., is significantly different from the mainstream trauma theories and those typical "9/11 poems" in accordance with such theories. Rather, Glück adapts classical mythology for contemporary narrative, with an austere and lyrical overtone. By roaming outside the Confessional poetry and the Romantic, her post-9/11 poetry suggests a path to working-through, which features painful "lucidity" as the goal of cognition on the part of the artist. Her poignant critique of trauma discourse and its related "cruel optimism" would help us better understand the continuity behind ruptures caused by violence and re-forge a future-oriented sense of "the present."