兰州市儿童青少年营养及体质健康研究

Analysis of nutrition and physical health of children and adolescents in Lanzhou

目的了解兰州地区儿童青少年营养状况和常见病检出情况,为提高其体质健康提供依据。方法 2019年3—11月,采取整群抽样方法抽取兰州市两城区18所学校18 526例7~18岁儿童青少年作为调查对象。测量调查对象的身高、体重,计算体重指数并评价营养状况,进行口腔、眼、心肺听诊等常规体表检查及脉搏、血压、肺活量等身体技能测量。结果超重发生率、肥胖发生率、矮小发生率、消瘦发生率分别为14.81%、8.30%、8.11%、4.58%;视力不良检出率为83.90%,女生的检出率高于男生,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);色觉异常、结膜炎、沙眼总检出率分别为0.99%、 0.97%、 0.99%,其中男生色觉异常、结膜炎检出率高于女生,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);龋患率为31.93%,女生的检出率高于男生,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);高血压检出率为0.40%,男生检出率高于女生,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);心脏听诊异常、胸廓形态异常检出率、肢体形态异常率检出率分别为1.66%、0.24%、0.10%。结论超重、肥胖、营养不良、视力低下、龋齿是两城区儿童青少年存在的较为突出的健康问题,须将儿童青少年健康促进工作重点放在这几个问题的防治上,以避免不良健康结局。

Objective To understand the nutritional status and detect the common diseases of children and adolescents in Lanzhou, and to provide a basis for improving the physical health of them. Methods 18 526 children aged from 7 to 18 years in 18 schools in two districts of Lanzhou were selected by cluster sampling.The height and weight of the survey subjects were measured, body mass index value calculated and the nutritional evaluation conducted. Routine body surface examinations such as oral, eye, cardiopulmonary auscultation and physical skills such as pulse, blood pressure and vital capacity were measured. Results The incidence of overweight, obesity, short stature and emaciation was 14.81%, 8.30%, 8.11% and 4.58%. The detection rate of low vision was 83.90%, and that of girls was higher than boys(P< 0.05). The detection rates of abnormal color vision, conjunctivitis and trachoma were 0.99%, 0.97% and 0.99%, and those for boys were higher than girls, the differences were statistically significant(P< 0.05). The detection rate of caries was 31.93%, and that of girls were higher than boys, and the difference was statistically significant(P< 0.05). The detection rate of hypertension was 0.40%, that of boys higher than girls, and the difference was statistically significant(P< 0.05). The detection rates of cardiac auscultation abnormality, thoracic morphology abnormality and limb morphological abnormality were 1.66%, 0.24 % and 0.10%. Conclusion Overweight, obesity, malnutrition,low vision and dental caries were the prominent health problems of children and adolescents in the two urban areas. The health promotion of children and adolescents should be focused on the prevention and tackling of these problems to avoid the adverse health outcomes.