互联网平台反垄断的局限与突破:由“腾讯封禁抖音案”引发的思考

The Limitation and Breakthrough of Anti-Monopoly Enforcement on Internet Platforms:Reflections on Tencent’s Suspension of Douyin Weblinks

互联网平台垄断行为的频发引发社会争议,也促使中央提出"强化反垄断和防止资本无序扩张"。不过,《反垄断法》在互联网领域的适用凸显执法困难的问题。对腾讯封禁抖音行为的分析显示:虽然腾讯可能在即时通讯市场和短文字社交市场中拥有市场支配地位,其限制抖音外部链接转发的行为也符合拒绝交易的行为特征,但该行为可能并不产生排除、限制竞争的效果,因此不属于《反垄断法》中滥用市场支配地位的行为。互联网平台限制竞争的行为在多个层面冲击既有的反垄断分析框架。欧盟的《数字市场法》草案为我国规制互联网平台限制竞争的行为提供了新的思路。

Internet platforms’anti-competitive practice has drawn great attention,and forced the central government to announce"strengthening anti-monopoly and preventing orderless capital expansion".However,the application of the Anti-monopoly Law in the Internet domain is confronted with enforcement difficulties.The analysis on Tencent’s suspension of Douyin weblinks demonstrates that although Tencent might be dominant in the markets of instant messenger and short-text-based social networking,and its practice of limiting forwarding external links of Douyin falls into the scope of refusal to deal,the conduct nevertheless does not produce anti-competitive effects,and hence does not constitute abusive conduct within the Anti-monopoly Law.Internet platforms’anti-competitive practice challenges the existing analytical framework of the Anti-monopoly Law from many angles.The proposed Digital Market Act in the EU offers a new perspective for the regulation of Internet platforms in China.