灯盏型积水移栽对烤烟生长及经济效益的影响

Effects of Lamp-type Water-accumulation Transplanting onGrowth and Economic Benefits of Flue-cured Tobacco

【目的】探明灯盏型积水移栽技术对烤烟生长及经济效益的影响,为云南曲靖干旱缺水地区烤烟生产提供科学依据。【方法】采用田间小区定位试验方法,研究膜上灯盏型积水移栽对烤烟产量、产值、农艺性状、病害发生及节水省工等的影响。【结果】与膜下小苗移栽相比,灯盏型积水移栽大田生育期缩短5 d;烤烟株高、茎围、节距、最大叶面积和有效叶数分别增高/大/多9.87 cm、1.73 cm、0.91 cm、64.86 cm^(2)和2.00片/株,显著高于膜下小苗移栽;产量和产值分别提高220.88 kg/hm^(2)和8935.06元/hm^(2);节约用水24750 kg/hm^(2),缩短移栽用时22.5 h/hm 2,节约浇水和移栽用工各15个/hm^(2),节约用工成本1200元/hm^(2)。【结论】缺水山区采用膜上灯盏型积水移栽可减少生产用工用水,促进烟株生长发育,有利于烟叶品质经济效益的提高,是较有效的省工降本移栽方式。

【Objective】In order to provide the scientific basis for production of flue-cured tobacco in drought and water-scarce areas in Qujing of Yunnan,the effects of lamp-type water-accumulation transplanting technology on growth and economic benefit of flue-cured tobacco are explored.【Method】The effects of lamp-type wateraccumulation transplanting on mulching film on yield,output value,agronomic traits,disease incidence,and water and labor reduction of flue-cured tobacco are studied by using field plot localization test method.【Result】Compared with transplanting seedling under mulching film,the field growth period of lamp-type water-accumulation transplanting shortens 5 d.The plant height,stem girth,node distance and maximum leaf area and effective leaf number of flue-cured tobacco increase by 9.87 cm,1.73 cm and 0.91 cm,64.86 cm^(2) and 2.00 leaves/plant respectively,higher than those of transplanting seedlings under mulching film significantly.The yield and output value increase by 220.88 kg/hm^(2) and 8935.06 Yuan/hm^(2) respectively.Water amount,transplanting time,watering labor,transplanting labor and labor cost decrease by 24750 kg/hm^(2),22.5 h/hm^(2),15 person/hm 2,15 person/hm^(2) and 1200 Yuan/hm 2.【Conclusion】Lamp-type water-accumulation transplanting on mulching film pattern can reduce labor and water in production in water-scarce mountaainous area,promote growing development of tobacco plants,which is beneficial to improve the quality and economic benefit of tobacco leaves.In conclusion,the lamp-type water-accumulation transplanting on mulching film pattern is the effective transplanting pattern to save labor and cost.