不同利用方式对遵义市典型黄壤土壤养分及质量的影响

Effects of Different Utilization Patterns on Soil Nutrient and Quality ofTypical Yellow Soil in Zunyi City

【目的】探明典型黄壤不同利用方式下土壤养分和重金属含量的变异特征,为合理利用和保护土壤资源提供依据。【方法】采集典型黄壤林地、退耕还林地、园地、旱地、水田和菜地等不同利用方式土壤,检测其pH、有机质、阳离子交换量、大量元素、中微量元素、重金属元素等21个指标,分析不同利用方式对土壤养分和质量的影响。【结果】林地共12个指标含量最低,分别是pH(5.01)、阳离子交换量(14.26 cmol/kg)、速效磷(7.1 mg/kg)、有效铁(36.00 mg/kg)、有效锰(34.50 mg/kg)、有效硼(0.34 mg/kg)、有效锌(0.91 mg/kg)、重金属元素含量(铬58.60 mg/kg、镉0.11 mg/kg、铅32.60 mg/kg、砷10.81 mg/kg、汞0.10 mg/kg);退耕还林地共6个指标含量最低,分别是有机质(26.73 g/kg)、全氮(1.32 g/kg)、碱解氮(103 mg/kg)、缓效钾(194 mg/kg)、速效钾(125 mg/kg)、有效钼(0.18 mg/kg);园地铬(160.99 mg/kg)和汞含量最高(0.24 mg/kg);旱地有效铜最低(1.26 mg/kg)、有效硅(210.38 mg/kg)含量最高;水田共8个指标含量最高,分别是阳离子交换量(16.12 mg/kg)、缓效钾(308 mg/kg)、有效铜(1.66 mg/kg)、有效锌(2.13 mg/kg)、有效锰(51.08 mg/kg)、有效钼(0.28 mg/kg)、有效硫(78.51 mg/kg)、铅(61.06 mg/kg);菜地共7个指标含量最高,有机质(34.80 g/kg)、全氮(1.88 g/kg)、碱解氮(178 mg/kg)、速效磷(33.8 mg/kg)、有效铁(133.54 mg/kg)、镉(0.34 mg/kg)、砷(26.83 mg/kg)。【结论】不同利用方式土壤养分含量不同,退耕林地有机质、全氮、碱解氮等7个指标含量低于林地,其余9个指标含量和重金属元素高于林地,园地全氮、旱地有效铜和有效钼低于林地,其余元素均高于林地,水田和菜地21个指标含量高于林地。

【Objective】The variation characteristics of soil nutrient and heavy metal content in typical yellow soil under different utilization patterns are explored to provide a reference for rational utilizing and protecting soil resources.【Method】The typical yellow soil are collected from different utilization patterns such as woodland,forest land returning from farm,garden plot,dry land,paddy field and vegetable plot.21 indexes including pH,organic matters,cation exchange capacity,macroelement,medium-microelement and heavy metals are determined.The effects of different utilization patterns on soil nutrient and quality are analyzed.【Result】The content in 12 indexes are the lowest in woodland,including pH(5.01),cation exchange capacity(14.26 cmol/kg),available P(7.1 mg/kg),available Fe(36.00 mg/kg),available Mn(34.50 mg/kg),available boron(0.34 mg/kg),available Zn(0.91 mg/kg),and heavy metal content(Cr 58.60 mg/kg,Cd 0.11 mg/kg,Pb 32.60 mg/kg,As 10.81 mg/kg and Hg 0.10 mg/kg).The content in six indexes are the lowest in forest land returning from farm,respectively organic matters(26.73 g/kg),total N(1.32 g/kg),available N(103 mg/kg),slowly available K(194 mg/kg),available K(125 mg/kg)and available Mo(0.18 mg/kg).The content of Cr(160.99 mg/kg)and Hg(0.24 mg/kg)are the highest in garden plot.The lowest and the highest content in dry land are available Cu(1.26 mg/kg)and available Si(210.38 mg/kg)respectively.The content of eight indexes in paddy field are the highest,including cation exchange capacity(16.12 mg/kg),slowly available K(308 mg/kg),available Cu(1.66 mg/kg),available Zn(2.13 mg/kg),available Mn(51.08 mg/kg),available Mo(0.28 mg/kg),available sulphur(78.51 mg/kg)and Pb(61.06 mg/kg).The content of seven indexes are the highest in vegetable plot,respectively organic matters(34.80 g/kg),total N(1.88 g/kg),available N(178 mg/kg),available P(33.8 mg/kg),available Fe(133.54 mg/kg),Cd(0.34 mg/kg)and As(26.83 mg/kg).【Conclusion】Soil nutrient content varies under different utilization patterns.The content in seven indexes such as organic matters,total N,available N of forest land returning from farm are lower than those in woodland,and the content in other nine indexes and heavy metals are higher than those in woodland.Total N in garden plot and available Cu and available Mo in dry land are lower than those in woodland,and other elements are higher than those of woodland.The content in 21 indexes of paddy field and vegetable plot are higher than those in woodland.