1961-2019 年皖西大别山区的气候变化特征

Climatic Variation Characteristics of Dabie Mountains inWestern Anhui During 1961-2019

【目的】探明皖西大别山区影响农作物生长的典型气候资源变化特征,为其生态环境保护及农业生产合理利用气候资源提供科学依据。【方法】利用皖西大别山区8个气象观测站1961-2019年逐日气象资料,采用气候倾向率、Mann-Kendall突变检验等方法,分析其年均气温、太阳总辐射、降水量和降水日数等气候要素的时空变化特征。【结果】近60年来皖西大别山区年均气温呈极显著(P<0.01)增加趋势,增幅为0.16℃/10a;年均太阳总辐射呈极显著(P<0.01)减少趋势,减幅为101.3 MJ/(m 2·10a);年均降水量和年均降水日数以波动变化为主,变化趋势不明显,其中小雨日数呈减少趋势,减幅为0.64 d/10a,中雨、大雨、暴雨及以上日数呈增加趋势,增幅分别为0.16 d/10a、0.12 d/10a和0.10 d/10a;年均气温在2001年发生由少到多的突变,突变后较突变前上升0.7℃;年均太阳总辐射在1989年发生由多到少的突变,突变后较突变前减少316.0 MJ/m 2;年均降水量和年均降水日数无明显突变点。【结论】气候资源的分布和变化与海拔高度关系密切,年均气温随海拔高度的增加而降低,年均太阳总辐射、年均降水量和年均降水日数随海拔高度的增加而增加。

【Objective】The variation characteristics in typical climatic resource affecting crop growth in Dabie Mountains of Western Anhui are explored to provide the scientific basis for ecological environment protection and reasonably utilizing climatic resource in agricultural production.【Method】Based on the daily meteorological data of eight meteorological stations in Dabie Mountainous of Western Anhui during 1961—2019,the spatial-temporal variation characteristics of climatic factors including the mean annual temperature,total solar radiation,precipitation and rainy days are analyzed by using climate tendency and Mann-Kendall mutation test.【Result】The mean annual temperature in Dabie Mountainous of Western Anhui in recent 60 years shows a very significantly(P<0.01)increasing trend,with an increase of 0.16℃/10a.The mean annual total solar radiation shows a very significantly(P<0.01)decreasing trend,with a decrease of 101.3 MJ/(m 2·10a).The mean annual precipitation and mean annual rainy days fluctuate mainly without obvious variation trend.Light rainy days show a decreasing trend,with a decrease of 0.64 d/10a.Moderate,heavy and storm rainy days show an increasing trend,with an increase of 0.16 d/10a,0.12 d/10a and 0.10 d/10a respectively.The mutation of mean annual temperature from low to high occured in 2001.After the mutation,it increased by 0.7℃compared with before mutation.The mutation of mean annual total solar radiation from more to less occured in 1989.After the mutation,it decreased by 316.0 MJ/m 2 compared with before mutation.There is no obvious mutation of mean annual precipitation and mean annual rainy days.【Conclusion】The distribution and variation of climatic resource are closely related with altitude,and the mean annual temperature decreases with increase of altitude.The mean annual total solar radiation,mean annual precipitation and mean annual rainy days increase with increase of altitude.