黄河流域典型矿区生态空间网络优化——以鄂榆地区为例

Optimization of ecological spatial network in typical mining areas of the Yellow River Basin:Take Ordos and Yulin areas of the Yellow River Basin as examples

如何保障黄河流域煤矿开采与生态环境的协同发展,建设黄河流域生态文明,是当前研究的重要课题。选取黄河流域典型矿区——鄂榆矿区为研究区,基于复杂系统与景观生态理论,结合景观生态风险评价与复杂网络分析2种方法,从宏观角度探究矿区生态修复策略。首先对研究区进行潜在复杂生态网络的提取与景观格局生态风险评价;然后识别研究区潜在复杂生态网络中处于中高生态风险区且其度中心性较低的生态节点,进而基于复杂网络增边优化理论,结合研究区当地的矿区与景观分布情况,进行模拟增边优化,最后通过对比分析模拟增边优化前后研究区潜在复杂生态网络的鲁棒性,验证模拟增边优化的效果。得出:中高生态风险区域主要分布在南部、北部的耕地区域与东北部的矿区;提取得到潜在复杂生态网络生态源地共77个,生态节点109个,生态廊道193条;识别增边优化节点共10个,最终成功为其中7个节点进行模拟增边共6条,另有3个节点模拟增边失败;模拟增边优化后,网络的连接鲁棒性较优化前有显著提升,网络的节点恢复鲁棒性与边恢复鲁棒性略有提升。从结果来看,模拟增边优化能够有效加强研究区生态质量,为矿区生态修复区域提供宏观上的参考与借鉴。

How to ensure the coordinated development of coal mining and the ecological environment in the Yellow River Basin and build an ecological civilization in the Yellow River Basin is an important topic of current research.The typical coal mining area of“JI”Bay of the Yellow River-Eyu area is selected as the research area.Based on the theory of complex systems and landscape ecology,combined with two methods of complex network analysis and landscape ecological risk assessment,the authors explore the ecological restoration path of the mining area in the study area from a macro perspective.First,the potential complex ecological network is extracted and the ecological risk of the landscape pattern is evaluated in the study area.Then the ecological nodes in the potential complex ecological network of the study area are identified that are in the medium-high ecological risk area and have low centrality.Then,based on the theory of complex network edge increase optimization,combined with the local mining area and landscape distribution in the study area,the simulated edge increase optimization is performed.Finally,by comparing and analyzing the robustness of the potential complex ecological network in the study area before and after the simulated edge enhancement optimization,the effect of the simulated edge enhancement optimization is verified.The results show that the extracted research area has 77 potential ecological sources of complex ecological network,109 ecological nodes,and 193 ecological corridors.The medium and high ecological risk areas in the study area are mainly distributed in the farmland areas in the south and north and the mining areas in the northeast,and are less distributed in the desert oasis area in the south of the Kubuqi Desert.A total of 10 nodes are identified for simulation optimization in the research area,and finally a total of 6 simulation edges are successfully added for 7 of them,and the simulation of 3 nodes fails.After simulating the edge-added optimization in the study area,the connection robustness of its potentially complex ecological network is significantly improved compared to optimization,and the node restoration robustness and edge restoration robustness of its potentially complex ecological network are slightly improved.The results show that the simulated edge increase optimization can effectively enhance the ecological quality of the study area and provide a macroscopic reference for the ecological restoration of the mining area.