扶贫政策执行过程中存在的 形式主义困境及破除策略--基于史密斯政策执行模型为分析视角

Formalism Dilemma in the Implementation of Poverty Alleviation Policy and Its Elimination Strategy-Based on Smith’s policy implementation model

扶贫政策执行领域下形式主义问题突出,严重影响了政策执行成效。运用史密斯政策执行模型对扶贫政策执行过程中存在的形式主义困境进行分析,研究发现,扶贫政策执行过程中产生形式主义的主要原因有:逐级发包制下的扶贫政策自身存在限制性;政策执行存在“维稳”及“留痕”倾向;政策受众群体消极、被动参与以及“半熟人”社会环境下产生丧失内生秩序能力及主体感的分散型村庄等因素。要破除扶贫政策执行形式主义的困境,必须建立扶贫政策信息纵向传递共享机制,连接顶层设计和基层实践;加强村级组织权力行使规范化,在扶贫政策评估中注重“民心留痕”;提高政策受众群体参与意识与权利意识;培育基层民主,加强群众监督作用等。

The formalism problem is prominent in the field of poverty alleviation policy implementation,which seriously affects the effect of policy implementation.By using Smith’s policy implementation model,this paper analyzes the formalism dilemma in the process of poverty alleviation policy implementation.It is found that the main reasons for formalism in the process of poverty alleviation policy implementation are as follows:the poverty alleviation policy itself is restricted under the system of level-by-level contracting;Policy implementation has the tendency of“maintaining stability”and“leaving traces”;The negative and passive participation of the policy audiences and the dispersed villages which lose the endogenous order ability and the sense of subject in the“semi-acquaintance”social environment.In order to get rid of the predicament of the formalism in the implementation of poverty alleviation policies,a vertical transmission and sharing mechanism of poverty alleviation policy information must be established to connect the top-level design with the practice at the grassroots level.Strengthen the standardization of the exercise of village-level organizations’power,and pay attention to“leaving a mark of people’s favor”in the evaluation of poverty alleviation policies;Raise the awareness of participation and rights of the policy audience;Fostering democracy at the grass-roots level and strengthening the role of supervision by the masses.