“收缩型县城”的人口城镇化研究--以我国东北地区岫岩县为例

Research on Population Urbanization of“Shrinking County”--A Case of Xiuyan County in Northeast China

改革开放40年来,我国的城镇化发展迅速,人口不断涌入大城市,致使很多中小城镇出现不同程度的人口流失问题。在国土空间规划体系变革的背景下,如何应对中小城镇人口流失成为国土空间规划的一项重要的议题。2019年4月,国家发改委发布了《2019年新型城镇化建设重点任务》,首次提出“收缩型城市”的概念,也指出收缩型中小城镇要瘦身强体、转变惯性的增量规划思维。本文选取了我国收缩型城市的典型区域东北地区,以辽宁省鞍山市岫岩县为例,从人口规模与结构、人口变动的视角,诊断县域人口收缩特征;从经济、产业、土地等维度分析收缩型县城的城镇化特征,探索其城镇化的动力机制,提出多层次政策支持、产业转型与结构优化、机制体制创新的城镇化发展策略,来应对传统资源型县城人口流失的现状。

Over the past 40 years of reform and opening up,China has experienced rapid urbanization,with population constantly gathering in big cities and many small and medium-sized towns and cities presenting varying degrees of population loss.Under the background of the reform of the territorial space planning system,how to deal with the loss of population in small and medium-sized towns has become an important issue in the territorial space planning.In April 2019,the National Development and Reform Commission issued the Key Tasks for the Construction of New Urbanization in 2019,which for the first time put forward the concept of“shrinking city”and pointed out that shrinking small and medium-sized cities should be thinner and stronger and change the habitual incremental planning thinking.This paper selects the northeast region,a typical region of shrinking cities in our country.Taking Xiuyan County in Anshan,Liaoning as an example,the paper diagnoses the characteristics of population shrinkage in this county from the perspectives of population size and structure and population changes,analyzes the urbanization characteristics of the shrinking county from the dimensions of economy,industry,and land,etc.,and then explores the driving mechanism of its urbanization.Then it proposes the urbanization development strategies of multi-level policy support,industrial transformation and structural optimization,and mechanism and institutional innovation to cope with the current situation of population loss in traditional resource-based counties.