“暑邪直中”的源流探析

Analysis of The Origin and Development of Direct Attack of The Summer-heat

“暑邪直中”在《黄帝内经》已有相关论述,但受《伤寒论》影响,其后很长一段时期以“直中为寒”观点占据主导,而“暑邪直中”论述只见零星记载。至明清时期随着温病理论的发展,“暑邪直中”理论才随之发展。在明代,受《黄帝内经》“心应夏”思想的影响,以“暑邪直入于心”论述为主。到明末张凤逵提出“不拘表里,不以渐次,不论脏腑”的观点,“暑邪直中”理论臻于完善。到清代温病学派发展达到鼎盛,温病学家进一步阐述了暑邪直入各脏腑的理论,明确提出五脏皆可见暑邪直中证。此时,对暑邪直入于肺的论述逐渐增多,对暑邪直入心营的认识趋于完整且为多数医家认可,夏暑发自阳明常被用以说明暑邪为病即见里证的发病特点,至此对“暑邪直中”的认识趋于完善,不断充实发展。

Direct attack in summer-heat evil have been discussed in Inner Canon of Huangdi,but just be recorded rarely for a long time because of the influence of Treatise on Exogenous Febrile Disease.From Ming and Qing dynasty,“Direct attack in seasonal febrile diseases”was extensively recorded and improved along with the improvement of study in seasonal febrile diseases.In Ming dynasty,it’s mainly discussed that summer-heat evil goes directly into heart under the influence of“heart is related with summer”in Inner Canon of Huangdi.In the end of Ming Dynasty,ZHANG Feng-kui put forward the view that summer-heat evil goes directly into body,no matter what is inside or outside,no matter how fast or slowly,no matter which organs,which made the theory of'Direct attack in summer-heat evil'perfect.In Qing dynasty,the school of seasonal febrile diseases improved and reached its peak.The seasonal febrile disease experts have further elaborated that summer-heat evil can go directly into five organs,for example:the discussion about'the direct attacking of summer-heat evil into lung'increased gradually;The understanding of the direct attacking of summer-heat evil into heart’tends to be completed;the onset of summer heat from Yangming is often used to explain the pathogenic characteristics of heat evil as a disease,that is,that the internal syndromes are seen during the onset of summer-heat evil attacking.From then on,the theory of‘direct attack in summer-heat evil’has been continuously enriched and developed.