基因组编辑植物的监管与检测技术

Supervision and detection technology of genome-edited plants

基因组编辑技术是利用人工核酸酶对生物体目标基因序列进行修饰的技术。近年来,以CRISPR/Cas系统为代表的基因组编辑技术由于高效、简单的操作发展迅速,为研究动植物基因功能、疾病治疗、植物分子育种等方面提供重要的方法。同时,由于基因编辑产品的不断出现,为政府监管提出了更高的要求。通过介绍植物基因组编辑技术及其产品的种类,重点说明了主要国家、经济体在植物基因组编辑产品的安全监管的异同,概述了科学界对基因编辑作物的基本原则,并介绍了几种植物基因组编辑产品的检测方法。

Genome editing is the technology using sequence specific nucleases to modify the target genes of organisms.In recent years,genome editing technology represented by the CRISPR/Cas system has been rapidly developed due to its accurate,efficient and easy handling.Genome editing provides important tools for research of gene function,disease treatment and plant molecular breeding.At the same time,genome-edited products appeared in large numbers would have higher demands for the supervision of government departments.In this review,we summarize three types of genome editing technology and products.We also introduce regulations of some countries and economies in genome-edited plants and corresponding products.Several detection technologies for genome-edited plants and products are also introduced.This review can provide suggestions for supervision department of GM plant products and technical reserve for testing organizations.