南疆无膜滴灌栽培对棉花出苗及生长指标的影响

No Film Mulching Drip Irrigation in Southern Xinjiang:Effects on Cotton Seedling Emergence and Growth Index

为了探明无膜栽培对南疆荒漠绿洲带不同品种棉花出苗、生长指标及产量的影响。采用裂区设计,主区为栽培方式,设无膜和覆膜2个处理;副区为品种,分别为‘中619’(‘CCRI619’)、‘新陆早48号’‘(XZ48’)、‘中74’‘(CCRI74’)。通过大田试验和室内分析相结合方法对各处理棉花的出苗情况、植株性状、生长分析指标及产量等进行测定分析。结果表明:(1)无膜栽培降低了棉花的萌动速度、顶土破土能力及出苗率,出苗整齐度差;(2)无膜栽培与覆膜栽培相比,显著降低了棉花群体的经济产量,极显著降低了棉花的群体生物产量,而对棉花植株性状、干物质分配的影响较小;(3)无膜栽培棉花单株籽棉产量与覆膜栽培相比差异不显著,但无膜栽培下不同品种间单株籽棉产量和群体经济产量差异均显著,表现为‘CCRI619’的产量显著高于其余2个品种。‘CCRI619’适合南疆地区无膜栽培。

To explicit the effects of no film mulching on the cotton emergence,growth index and yield in desert oasis zone in southern Xinjiang,split block design was used with the cultivation methods of film mulching and no film mulching assigned as the main plots,and the cotton varieties of‘CCRI619’,‘XZ48’and‘CCR174’assigned as the sub plots.We studied the emergency,plant traits,growth index and yield of cotton by the methods of field experiment and laboratory analysis.The results showed that:(1)under no film mulching,the seed germination,the top soil breaking capacity,the emergency rate decreased,and the uniformity of seedling was bad;(2)compared with the film mulching,the no film mulching significantly reduced the economic output of cotton groups,extremely and significantly reduced the population biomass,and had a little effect on the plant traits and dry matter partition of cotton;(3)there was no significant difference of seed cotton yield per plant between the film mulching and no film mulching,whereas,under no film mulching,significant differences of seed cotton per plant and the economic yield of population were found among the three varieties,showing the yield of‘CCRI619’significantly higher than that of the other two.The‘CCRI619’is suitable for no film mulching cultivation of cotton in southern Xinjiang.