新时代线上教学常态化下的在线学习策略研究

Online Learning Strategies in the Normalization Practice of Online Teaching in the New Era

在线学习以学生为中心,基于计算机技术支持,通过设计教学策略使学生获得学习经验。在线学习的教学过程设计中,围绕课前、课中和课后三个阶段,行为主义为在线学习提供了外部激励的预习策略选择;认知主义和建构主义则强调了内部学习动力的活动和交互策略,认知主义策略可用于教学过程,建构主义策略适用于个人应用与情境学习。三种理论在线上教学中的融合运用,从宏观上为在线学习策略的具体设计提供了范式。

Online learning,supported by computer technology,occurs in a student-centered and learning-centered environment,where students gain learning experiences and construct new knowledge by selecting appropriate learning strategies.In this article it is argued that in the teaching design process of online learning,centered on the three stages of pre-class,during-class and after-class,behaviorism can provide an external stimulus resultant in preview strategies for students to select.In a similar vein,cognitivism and constructivism emphasize the activities and interactive strategies of internal learning motivation.Specifically,cognitivism strategies could be applied to teaching processes.Constructivism strategies are applicable to personal application and contextual learning.Therefore,it is argued that the integration of these three theories in online teaching provides a paradigm for the design of online learning strategies from a macro perspective.