逆境中的探索:邓子恢晚年“三农”思考述要

Exploring in Adversity:Summaries of Deng Zihui’s Thinking on Agriculture,Rural Areas and Farmers in His Later Years

从1962年至1972年去世,邓子恢虽已逐渐远离政治权力中枢,身体状况也大不如前,然而,怀着对中国农民的深厚感情仍在力所能及的范围内思考着当时农村和农业中所存在的不少问题,并在实际调查、总结经验的基础上提出相应改进建议或意见,这些也就是邓子恢晚年对中国“三农”问题的思考,一定程度上也是其一生“三农”思想的重要组成部分,主要涉及国营农场、农民协会、农村金融、折旧制度等四个方面。邓子恢认为国营农场应当发挥其作为社会主义农业“龙头”的作用,多为国家增产和创汇服务,因此,需要一套较为完善的生产计划和经营方法,以激励广大农工的生产积极性;农民协会则应扮演好为广大农民服务的角色,成为政府动员的重要辅助力量;农村金融则是充分调动分布于广大乡村的信用合作社积极性,为农民实现增产增收提供资金支持;折旧制度则是借助银行、信用社等金融工具为耕牛、大农具等农民稀缺生产物资的永续使用提供有力保障。

From 1962 to his death in 1972,although Deng Zihui had gradually moved away from the center of political power and his physical condition was not as good as before.However,with deep affection for Chinese farmers,he was still thinking about the problems in the rural and agricultural centers at that time within his power.Thus,corresponding improvement suggestions are put forward based on actual investigation and experience.Deng Zihui’s thinking on issues relating to agriculture;rural areas and farmers of China in his later years,to a certain extent,is also his lifelong thinking on agriculture,rural areas,and farmers.It mainly involves state-owned farms,farmers'associations,rural finance,and depreciation system.Deng Zihui believed that state-owned farms should play their role as the“leader”of socialist agriculture and serve the country in increasing production and earning foreign exchange.Therefore,a set of relatively complete production plans and management methods were needed to stimulate the enthusiasm of farmers and workers;farmers′associations should play a good role in serving the majority of farmers and become an important auxiliary force for government mobilization;rural finance was to fully mobilize the enthusiasm of credit cooperatives distributed in the vast rural areas to provide financial support for farmers to achieve increased production and income;financial tools such as cooperatives should provide strong guarantees for the sustainable use of farmers′scarce production materials such as cattle,large agricultural tools and so on.