临床科学合理用血的研究进展

Research progress of clinical scientific and rational use of blood

临床血源供应紧张,导致一些医疗技术和手术不能正常开展。三级综合医院在临床用血的合理性上整体优于二级综合医院,临床用血合理性在不同地域也存在差别,越趋于偏远的地区越容易出现不合理临床用血。规范合理用血,要求对医疗用血有正确的认识,当前许多临床医务人员对医疗用血存在许多误区,存在医患都将血液制品当成营养品使用的倾向,各级医院医师对临床输血技术规范、FFP输注指征、自体输血的优点等知识的知晓率总体较低。成份输血可以更加科学、合理地用血,为了更好地发挥成份输血的作用,应该加强引导和管理,积极推广。临床治疗中可以使用代血浆扩容,既可以缓解医疗用血的紧张,又可以减少不良反应。自体输血是缓解择期手术用血紧张最安全、最节省血液资源的方法,尤其是针对稀缺血型的患者。目前,国内外医学界均大力推广自体输血技术,但临床应用比例仍然不足。

The clinical blood supply is tense,leading to some medical technology and operation can not be carried out normally.The rationality of clinical blood use in tertiary general hospitals is better than that in secondary general hospitals as a whole,and there are differences in the rationality of clinical blood use in different regions.The more remote the region is,the more likely unreasonable clinical blood use is.Standardized and rational use of blood requires a correct understanding of medical blood.At present,many clinical medical personnel have many misunderstandings about medical blood,and there is a tendency for doctors and patients to use blood products as nutritional blood.The awareness rate of doctors at all levels on clinical blood transfusion technical specifications,FFP infusion indications,benefits of autologous blood transfusion and other knowledge is generally poor.Component blood transfusion can make blood more scientific and rational use.In order to give full play to the role of component blood transfusion,we should strengthen guidance and management and actively promote it.In clinical treatment,plasma substitute can be used to expand blood volume,which can not only relieve the tension of medical blood,but also reduce adverse reactions.Autologous blood transfusion is the safest and most economical way to relieve blood shortage in elective surgery,especially for patients with scarce blood types.At present,autologous blood transfusion technology has been widely promoted in medical circles at home and abroad,but the proportion of clinical application is still insufficient.