乳腺癌免疫治疗研究进展

Research progress in immunotherapy of breast cancer

乳腺癌是女性发病率较高的恶性肿瘤,也是导致女性患者死亡的主要原因之一。近年来由于周围环境、饮食及生活习惯变化以及工作及学习压力增加等因素的共同作用,乳腺癌发病率呈明显上升趋势。因此如何有效诊治乳腺癌已成为临床医务人员共同关注的重点问题。随着基因检测技术、靶向治疗及免疫治疗的不断发展,乳腺癌患者的预后较好,5年生存率较高。其中,免疫治疗是现阶段临床应用于乳腺癌治疗的新方法,该疗法认为刺激乳腺癌患者免疫系统对提高机体抵抗肿瘤细胞的自然能力具有一定价值。乳腺癌细胞具有肿瘤抗原,通常是蛋白质或其他大分子(如碳水化合物)。正常抗体与外部病原体结合,而改良的免疫治疗抗体则与肿瘤抗原结合,标记和识别癌细胞,以供免疫系统抑制或杀死。近年来,乳腺癌免疫治疗药物及相关技术有了长足的进步。本文针对乳腺癌的免疫治疗相关进展进行综述,以期为临床乳腺癌治疗提供参考。

The breast cancer is the higher incidence rate of malignant tumors in women and is also one of the main causes of death in female patients.In recent years,due to the changes in surrounding environment,diet and lifestyle,work and study pressure increase and other factors,the incidence rate of breast cancer has been increasing significantly.Therefore,how to diagnose and treat these patients has become a hot topic of common concern for the majority of clinical medical staff.With the development of gene detection technology,targeted therapy and immunotherapy,breast cancer patients have higher prognosis and higher 5-year survival rate.Among them,immunotherapy is a new method widely used in the treatment of breast cancer at present.It is considered that stimulating the immune system of breast cancer patients has certain value in improving the natural ability of the body to resist tumor cells.Breast cancer cells often have tumor antigens,usually proteins or other macromolecules(such as carbohydrates).Normal antibodies bind to external pathogens,while modified immunotherapeutic antibodies bind to tumor antigens to label and recognize cancer cells for suppression or killing by the immune system.In recent years,immunotherapy drugs and related technologies for breast cancer have made great progress.In this paper,the progress of immunotherapy for breast cancer is reviewed,in order to provide reference for clinical treatment of breast cancer.