污染场地修复技术方案筛选中环境指标建立初探:以某废弃焦化厂为例

ESTABLISHMENT OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL INDEXES IN SELECTION OF REMEDIATION SCHEMES:A CASE STUDY OF AN ABANDONED COKING SITE

我国污染场地的环境管理框架尚不健全,修复技术研发及筛选过程中对修复产生的"二次污染"认识往往不足。基于绿色可持续原则,从污染物排放、环境敏感程度、环境风险、土壤及生态环境、法律法规及标准、社会可接受程度等方面探讨环境指标的构建,并以北京某废弃焦化厂土壤修复方案筛选为例,进行了2项方案的环境比选。结果表明:原位热脱附温室气体及大气有组织排放分别为异位热脱附的6.0,1.49倍,但前者造成的环境风险、敏感程度及社会接受程度等指标明显优于后者,为优先推荐方案。如何实现污染物减排以及环境风险的控制是两方案分别需要解决的主要环境问题。本次建立的环境指标体系可用于决策及技术筛选,也可通过识别的关键环境因素进行技术方案优化。

The environmental management framework of contaminated sites is not completed in China,and there is often lack of clear understanding about environmental impacts in the process of remediation technology development or program selection.As a result,sometimes secondary pollution caused by remediation is ignored.The research established the environmental indexes including pollutant discharge,environmental sensitivity,environmental risk,soil and ecological environment,laws,regulations and standards,and social acceptability based on green and sustainable principle.The environmental comparison between two remediation technologies was carried out at an abandoned coking site in Beijing.The result showed that the emission of CO2 and organized atmospheric pollutants of thermal desorption in situ were 6.0,1.49 times larger than that of exsitu thermal desorption,since the latter had advantages in energy saving and emission reduction.While the indexes such as environmental risk,sensitivity and social acceptance of in-situ thermal desorption were better and the in-situ program was chosen as the preferred plan.How to reduce emission of pollutants and lower environmental risks further was the key point to improve the two programs respectively.The index system could be used for screening or optimizing the remediation schemes by identifying critical environmental factors.