《神农本草经》散结药物药性特点及效用分析

Analysis on properties and effects of Chinese medicines for dissipating stagnation in Shennong’s Classic of Materia Medica

文章对《神农本草经》中104味具有散结作用的药物的分布、药性特点、效用等进行分析。其三品分布由高至低依次为下品、上品、中品,无毒69味,大毒、有毒、小毒共35味;自然属性中,草部占比最大,其次为虫部,体现了虫类药善活血通络散结的特点;性味最多的是苦寒,其次为辛温,提示散结药以清热散结和行气/活血通阳散结为主,此与结病机以热结居多,结必伴有气滞、血瘀、水停相契合。104味药物涉及16种散结作用;沿用至今的59味常用药,涉及14个现代中药功效分类,前5类分别是清热药、泻下药、化痰药、活血化瘀药、补虚药,表明散结药可进一步分为清热散结药、利水(逐饮)散结药、化痰散结药、活血散结药及养阴润燥散结药等。《神农本草经》散结药物存在多种兼有功效,可根据结在气分、血分,及对气、血、水影响的偏重临证精准选药。

A total of 104 Chinese medicines with the effect of dissipating stagnation in Shennong’s Classic of Materia Medica were studied from the aspects of distribution,properties,medicinal effects and applications.From the aspect of three grades and toxicity,most of these medicines belonged to lower grade,and followed by upper grade and middle grade.Nontoxic medicines totaling 69,strong toxicity,toxicity and mild toxicity totaling 35.In the natural attributes,the grass is the largest proportion,followed by the worm,indicating that the worm medicines are good for promoting blood circulation and dredging collaterals;the most is bitter-cold,followed by pungent-warm,suggesting that the main role of the dissipating stagnation medicine is to clear away heat and stagnation and promote qi or blood circulation,which is consistent with the pathogenesis and treatment ideas of stagnation-related diseases.A total of 16 different describes of the effect of dissipating stagnation are involved in 104 Chinese medicines.A total of 59 Chinese medicines were still commonly used today,involving 14 categories,which mainly contains heat-clearing medicine,diarrhea medicines,phlegm medicines,blood circulation phlegm medicines and tonic medicines.Mechanisms of those medicines in Shennong’s Classic of Materia Medica are variety,which need syndrome differentiation and treatment to choose accurate medication.