农民工感知的疫情压力来源与状况评估

The source and status assessment of epidemic stress perceived by migrant workers

目的识别复工复产后农民工疫情压力感知的主要来源和状况,为构建农民工社会心理服务和支持体系提供理论依据和实践参考。方法采用自编农民工疫情压力感知问卷,对277名农民工进行问卷调查。结果探索性因素分析显示:农民工疫情压力感知的4个因子得分由高到低为疫情恐慌(3.95±1.21)、任务负载(3.75±1.32)、活动困限(3.63±1.24)、职场不良(3.26±1.28);不同婚姻状况农民工疫情恐慌得分差异显著(t=2.12,P<0.05);不同家庭经济状况农民工在疫情恐慌(F=10.752,P<0.001)、活动困限(F=6.417,P<0.01)、任务负载(F=5.144,P<0.01)、职场不良(F=4.981,P<0.05)上得分差异显著;不同身份认同农民工在疫情恐慌(F=17.44,P<0.001)、活动困限(F=4.508,P<0.01)、任务负载(F=4.674,P<0.01)、职场不良(F=7.093,P<0.001)上得分差异显著。结论农民工感知的疫情压力主要来自疫情恐慌、活动困限、任务负载、职场不良,其中疫情恐慌偏高;已婚、家庭经济状况不佳以及农村身份认同的农民工疫情压力感知偏高,为疫情压力管理的重点关注对象。

Objective To identify the main sources and conditions of migrant workers’perception of epidemic pressure after returning to work,and to provide theoretical basis and practical reference for the construction of social psychological service and support system for migrant workers.Methods A total of 277 migrant workers were surveyed with a self-compiled questionnaire on migrant workers’perception of epidemic stress.Results Exploratory factor analysis showed that the scores of four stresses from high to low were epidemic panic(3.95±1.21),task loading(3.75±1.32),activity limited(3.63±1.24),and uncomfortable workplace(3.26±1.28).The panic scores of migrant workers being married or not were significantly different(t=2.12,P<0.05).The scores of epidemic panic(F=10.752,P<0.001),activity limited(F=6.417,P<0.01),task loading(F=5.144,P<0.01)and uncomfortable workplace(F=4.981,P<0.05)were significantly different among migrant workers with different family economic status.And the scores of epidemic panic(F=17.44,P<0.001),activity limited(F=4.508,P<0.01),task loading(F=4.674,P<0.01)and uncomfortable workplace(F=7.093,P<0.001)were significantly different among migrant workers with different identities.Conclusions The epidemic stress perceived by migrant workers mainly comes from four sources:epidemic panic,activity limited,task loading and uncomfortable workplace,of which epidemic panic is perceived a bit more.Epidemic stress management should focus on the population who are married,who have unsatisfying economic status,or whose sense of rural identity is high.