从《民法典》第406条出发谈船舶登记制度的完善

Discussion on the Improvement of Ship Registration System on the Base of Article 406 of “Civil Law”

船舶物权登记具有对抗第三人的效力。由于现行船舶登记制度依据的上位法为《物权法》,在2021年1月1日《民法典》正式实施后,船舶登记制度的上位法同时废止,亟需对船舶登记相关法规、规章进行修订。《民法典》第406条改变了《物权法》第191条规定的抵押财产转让制度,首次明确了抵押期间抵押财产的自由转让。而船舶作为抵押财产时,船舶转让后将涉及到一系列船舶登记的申请与审批。在《民法典》的基本框架下,修订现行船舶登记制度,在抵押船舶转让后同时办理船舶所有权注销登记、新办船舶所有权登记、船舶抵押权变更登记,可以有效解决抵押船舶转让登记制度与新抵押财产转让制度的衔接。

The registration of ship's property rights shall be set up against a bona fide third party.After the Civil Code came into force on January 1,2021,the Real Right Law is repealed,which used to be the superior law in the field of ship registration.Therefore,it is urgent to make amendments to relevant regulations and rules on the registration of ships.Article 406 of the Civil Code has modified the transfer of mortgaged property as provided by Article 191 of the Real Rights Law,stipulating the free-transfer principle on the mortgaged property during mortgage for the first time.When the ship is taken as mortgaged property,after the transfer of the ship,it will involve the application and approval of ship registration.Under the basic framework of the Civil Code,the current system of ship registration should be modified to stipulate the concurrent application for the registration of ship's ownership cancellation,the new ship's ownership acquisition and ship mortgage modification after the transfer of the mortgaged ship,so as to effectively address the connection between the system for the registration of mortgaged ship transfer and the new system for the transfer of mortgaged property.