欧盟碳关税政策及其影响

The Background and Impact of EU Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism

近一个时期,世界主要国家相继宣布碳中和目标,全球温室气体减排行动进入新阶段。部分发达国家在减排的同时还设计了自我保护机制,对冲减排损失。欧盟计划最快于2023年推出"碳边境调节机制",对减排不力国家的输欧商品征税。本文对欧盟该政策形成过程及影响进行研究,发现碳关税是欧盟气候政治发展的内在诉求,是其对冲减排压力的现实需要,也是其社会政治思潮和政党政治变迁的必然结果。目前,美国内对碳关税的立场也在发生变化,未来发达国家在该问题上将呈现合流之势,冲击全球应对气候变化的基本框架,新兴和发展中国家将面临更为严峻的减排形势。

In recent years,major countries have successively announced carbon neutrality targets,and the global Greenhouse Gas(GHG)emission reduction action has entered a new stage.Some developed countries have also designed self-protection mechanisms while reducing emissions to hedge against economic losses.The European Union plans to launch Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism(CBAM)as soon as 2023,imposing tariffs on goods exported to Europe from countries that are not able to reduce GHG emissions.This paper examines the debates and introduction process of the EU policy,and finds that CBAM is the inherent requirement of the EU’s climate politics,the actual needs for hedging the pressure of emission reduction,and the inevitable result of the changes in its social and political thoughts and party politics.