基本动作技能发展的神经机制及其教育促进策略

Neural mechanism of development of fundamental motor skills and its educational promotion strategy

基本动作技能是儿童进行各项身体活动的基础,对儿童身体和心理发展有着重要的意义。儿童基本动作技能发展不仅是儿童身心发展的重要方面,而且是评价、诊断、监测儿童身心发展状况的重要指标。也有观点认为,儿童基本动作技能发展不仅可以有效促进儿童的认知发展,还可以作为身心发展障碍的康复手段。由于学界早期对脑结构和功能认识不足,涉及儿童基本动作技能的已有研究更多聚焦于儿童基本动作技能的外在表现,而从神经科学视角来探索儿童基本动作技能的研究较少。功能性磁共振成像、脑电等神经影像技术的出现,为探究儿童基本动作技能的神经生理机制提供了可能。阐述了儿童基本动作技能发展的一般规律和神经生理基础,讨论了儿童基本动作技能发展和认知发展之间的关系,提出促进儿童基本动作技能发展的教育建议,以期为儿童基本动作技能发展的研究提供新的视角,推动我国早期儿童动作发展与教育的深入研究。

Fundamental motor skills are the foundation for children’s physical activities and play a significant role in children’s physical and psychological development.The development of fundamental motor skills is an important aspect of children’s physical and mental development,also an important indicator for the evaluation,diagnosis and monitoring of children’s physical and mental development.It is also believed that the development of fundamental motor skills can not only effectively promote children’s cognitive development,but also serve as a means of rehabilitation for physical and mental development disorders.Due to the lack of understanding of brain structure and function in the early stage,existing studies have focused more on the external performance of children’s fundamental motor skills,while fewer studies explore children’s fundamental motor skills from the neuroscience perspective.With the emergence of neuroimaging technologies such as functional magnetic resonance imaging technology and electroencephalogram,it is possible to explore the neurophysiological mechanism of children’s fundamental motor skills.This article describes the general principles and neurophysiological basis of the development of children’s fundamental motor skills and discusses the relationship between the development of children’s fundamental motor skills and cognitive development with the hope to provide a new perspective for the research on the development of children’s fundamental motor skills and promote the in-depth research on the early children’s motor skills development and education in China.