生计视角下的农户农地流转行为研究——以河南省为例

Study on Farmland Transfer Behaviors of Rural Households from the Perspective of Livelihoods——Evidence from Henan Province

农地流转是实现我国农业适度规模经营的前提,是缓解当前农村地区生产力与生产关系矛盾的重要途径。然而,农户的农地流转行为存在很大差异,目前的认识仍存在很大的不确定性。为了阐明这一问题,分析了不同农地流转行为农户的生计状况。结果表明:1)在2012—2014年间,农地流转面积和涉及农地流转的村、户数量均有所增加,但不涉及农地流转的农户在2014年所占比例仍高达60.7%;2)农户间的农地流转大多是便于调整的短期行为,仅有2.7%的农户经营农地规模超过1 hm^(2),且从事农业生产的人员老龄化较为严重;3)农地净转出户、无农地流转户和农地净转入户最重要的收入来源都是非农就业,但农地净转出户比不涉及农地流转户和农地净转入户更富裕,后两者富裕程度相当;4)这3类农户非农就业的劳动生产率没有显著差别,但农地净转出户从事非农就业的时间最长,尤其是中老年家庭成员从事非农就业的比例最高,这是他们收入水平高于其他2类农户的原因。

China recently implemented a series of policies and programs to promote the transfer of farmland,and consequently,the process of farmland transfer has been accelerated.However,the determinants that cause the difference of Chinese smallholders’behaviors in farmland transfer remain unclear.To address this question,this study examines the livelihoods of rural livelihoods with different farmland transfer behaviors in Henan Province,China.The results show that:1)From 2012 to 2014,the area of farmland transfer and the number of villages and households involved in farmland transfer increased,while rural households who did not refer to farmland transfer account for 60.7%in 2014.2)Most of farmland transfer among rural households is a short-term behavior that is easy to be adjusted,only 2.7%of rural households has a farm size larger than 1 ha,and the agricultural labor is seriously aging.3)Off-farm employment has been the most important income source for the three groups:households experiencing a net outflow of farmland(HOF),households not involved in farmland transfers(HNF)and households experiencing a net inflow of farmland(HIF).HOF were wealthier than HNF and HIF because they spent more time engaging in off-farm enterprises,whereas the latter two groups did not differ significantly with respect to household wealth.4)The labor productivities of off-farm practitioners were not significantly different among HOF,HNF and HIF,while off-farm practitioners in HOF spent the most time on off-farm activities,particularly the proportion of middle-aged and old family members engaged in off-farm employment is the highest,this is why HOF has a higher income level than the other two groups.