马克思关于资本主义自我扬弃的观点及其现实意义

Marx's View on the Self-Sublation of Capitalism and Its Practical Significance

马克思在论述资本主义向社会主义过渡的方式时,提出了两种不同的路径。一种路径,是从资本主义内在的、无法克服的基本矛盾着眼,论证基本矛盾的定期爆发会导致阶级矛盾的激化,最终导致无产阶级革命与社会主义政权的建立。另一种路径,是随着生产力的不断发展,在生产力决定生产关系与经济基础决定上层建筑规律的作用下,资本主义越来越多地显现出"自我扬弃"的趋势,最终导致向社会主义的自然过渡。现阶段,西方发达资本主义国家"自我扬弃"的现实表现为:企业资本所有制的性质、社会的经济结构与阶级构成、民众的普遍生活水准与整体素质、乃至政府扮演的角色与发挥的职能作用,都在潜移默化地趋向和演化成社会主义的特征。可以说,西方发达资本主义国家"自我扬弃"的现实表现所具有的潜在意义是拉近了同社会主义的距离,而不是相反。

Marx put forward two different paths when discussing on how capitalism may transition to socialism.The first path,with a focus on the insurmountable basic contradictions inherent in capitalism,demonstrated that the regular outbreak of the basic contradictions will intensify the class contradictions and eventually lead to the proletarian revolution and the establishment of socialist regime.The other path held that with the continuous development of productive forces and with the law of productive forces determining production relations and economic base determining superstructure,capitalism has increasingly shown a trend of "self-sublation",which may eventually lead to the natural transition to socialism.At present,the reality of "self-sublation" in Western developed capitalist countries is reflected by the fact that the nature of corporate capital ownership,social economic structure and social class composition,the general living standard and overall quality of the people,and even the role and function of the government are imperceptibly evolving to share the characteristics of socialism.It can be said that the potential significance of the "self-sublation" of the Western developed capitalist countries is to shorten the distance from socialism,rather than the opposite.