严寒和寒冷地区太阳能集热器倾角及方位角优化分析

Optimal Analysis on the Inclination Angle and Azimuth Angle of Solar Collector in Severe Cold and Cold Area

在严寒和寒冷地区太阳能热利用系统设计中,太阳能集热器倾角和方位角是重要参数。以太阳供暖和太阳能热水两种典型太阳能热利用方式,建立逐时太阳能集热器集热模型,并以运行期累积获得最大辐照量为目标,求解太阳能集热器最优倾角和方位角组合。选取我国严寒和寒冷地区沈阳、西安、酒泉和喀什4个典型城市进行案例分析。结果表明,太阳能热利用方式对最佳倾角及方位角组合有显著的影响;同一城市,太阳能供暖与太阳能热水两种方式的最优倾角相差10°~15°,最优方位角相差约9°;与采用地理纬度为倾角和正南方为方位角相比,采用最优倾角和最优方位角组合时,全年运行期累积辐照量可以提高3%~8%。

The inclination angle and azimuth angle are important parameters in the design of solar thermal utilization system in severe cold and cold areas.Taking solar heating and solar hot water as two typical solar thermal utilization modes,the time-by-time solar collector heat collection model was established.The optimal combination of the solar collector was solved with the objective of obtaining the maximum radiation amount accumulated during the operation period.Four typical cities,i.e.Shenyang,Xi’an,Jiuquan and Kashi,in severe cold and cold area of China were selected for case analysis.The results show that the solar thermal utilization has a significant influence on the combination of optimum inclination angle and azimuth angle.For the same city,the optimal inclination angles are different between solar heating and solar hot water systems.The optimal azimuth angle varies from 10°to 15°,while the optimal azimuth angle varies about 9°.Compared with the combination of latitude as inclination and positive south as azimuth,the cumulative radiation amount in the annual operating period can be increased by 3%~8%by using the optimum inclination angle and azimuth angle.