基于城市形态参数的严寒地区地表热环境分析

Analysis of Surface Thermal Environment in Severe Cold Area Based on Urban Morphology Parameters

严寒地区地表热环境受到城市下垫面形态和建筑群形态的共同影响,研究多种城市形态参数与地表热环境的关系可以辅助城市设计。以大庆市东部地区为研究区域,基于遥感影像反演地表温度并计算区域内水体盖度、积雪盖度和植被盖度三类下垫面形态参数;绘制建筑三维矢量数据并计算区域内建筑密度、容积率和迎风面积密度三类建筑群形态参数。对比不同季节下六类城市形态参数对地表热环境的影响。结果表明:单因素回归分析中,水体盖度、积雪盖度和建筑密度是影响地表热环境的最主要因素;多因素回归分析中,水体盖度、植被盖度、建筑密度和容积率均为夏季地表热环境的主要影响因素。积雪盖度为冬季地表热环境的主要影响因素,其他因素为次要影响因素。

The surface thermal environment in severe cold areas is affected by the urban underlying surface morphology and architectural complex morphology.The relationship between urban morphology parameters and surface thermal environment can assist urban design.Taking the eastern area of Daqing city as the research area,the land surface temperature was retrieved based on remote sensing images,and three types of underlying surface morphological parameters,including water coverage,snow cover and vegetation coverage,were calculated;the three-dimensional vector data of buildings were drawn,and the three types of building group morphological parameters,including building density,floor area ratio and windward area density were calculated.The effects of six types of urban morphology parameters on the surface thermal environment in different seasons were compared.The results show that,in single factor regression analysis,water coverage,snow cover and building density are the most important factors affecting the surface thermal environment;in the multi-factor regression analysis,water coverage,vegetation coverage,building density and plot ratio are the main influencing factors of surface thermal environment in summer.Snow cover is the main influencing factor of surface thermal environment in winter,and other factors are secondary factors.