多维特征视角下农村贫困户脱贫的影响因素实证研究

Empirical Study on the Influencing Factors of Poverty Alleviation of Rural Poor Households from the Perspective of Multidimensional Characteristics

精准扶贫是党的十八大以来的首要任务,与单维贫困指标相比,包括家庭人口特征、家庭基本特征、村庄环境特征的多维指标更能够体现出农村人口的贫困现状。通过实地走访和抽样调查的1 300组调研数据,利用二元logistic回归模型来分析多维特征对农村贫困户脱贫的影响。研究表明:户主年龄、户主受教育程度、外出务工经历、户主婚姻状况、家庭劳动力人数、家庭成员健康状况、家庭居住地理位置、人均耕地面积对脱贫效果产生了重要影响,与预期假设一致;户主性别、家庭总人口数、家庭子女数量、家庭人均收入对贫困的影响没有通过统计学上的显著性检验,与预期假设不符,主要是在精准扶贫中,政府政策起到了重要作用。

Precision poverty alleviation is the primary task since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China.Compared with single dimension poverty indicators,multidimensional indicators including family population characteristics,family basic characteristics and village environment characteristics can better reflect the poverty status of rural population.Based on 1300 groups of survey data from field visit and sampling survey,the binary logistic regression model is used to analyze the impact of multidimensional characteristics on poverty alleviation of rural poor households.The results show that:the age of the head of household,the education level of the head of household,working experience,marital status of the head of household,the number of labor force in the family,the health status of family members,the geographical location of the family and the per capita cultivated land area have an important impact on poverty alleviation,which is consistent with the expected hypothesis;the impact of the gender of the head of household,the total population of the family,the number of children in the family and the per capita income of the family on poverty.It has not passed the statistical significance test,which is inconsistent with the expected hypothesis.The main reason is that government policies play an important role in targeted poverty alleviation.