地球/恒星敏感器共焦面自主导航方法与系统设计

Autonomous Navigation Method and Confocal Plane System Design of Carth/star Sensor

为满足空间变轨飞行器由低轨到高轨飞行过程中的自主导航的需求,采用地球/恒星敏感器共焦面复合自主导航方法,建立了基于地球临边探测和恒星观测的自主导航模型,阐述了地球临边图像处理过程和地心矢量求解方法,介绍了结合地心矢量方向信息和由星敏感器获取的姿态信息,计算飞行器位置的方法,对比并选择了地球临边的探测波段,完成了地球/恒星复合探测光学系统方案设计,开展了精度仿真分析,结果表明,地球/恒星敏感器复合自主导航定位精度优于4 km,满足4000~36000 km轨道高度的应用需求,验证了地球/恒星敏感器复合自主导航方法在不同轨高飞行器上应用的可行性。

In order to meet the needs of autonomous navigation during the flight of a space-changing orbit vehicle from low orbit to high orbit,an autonomous navigation method is adopted by the earth/star sensor confocal plane system.And the autonomous navigation model is established based on the Earth’s edge detection and star observation.Earth’s edge image processing,geocentric vector solution and the aircraft’s position calculating are explained and introduced.The most suitable bands are selected to detect the edge of the earth after analyzing and comparing and the design of the earth/star composite detection optical system is completed.A precision simulation analysis was carried out,and the results showed that the direct positioning accuracy is better than 4 km by the earth/star sensor composite autonomous navigation.It can satisfy the application requirements for the altitude of 4000~36000 km,it verifies that the autonomous navigation method and confocal plane system of earth/star sensor can satisfy the application requirements for space-changing orbit vehicle aircraft,which works on the altitude of 4000~36000 km.