师范性与学术性的张力--21世纪德国综合性大学教师教育课程体系改革研究

The Tension between Pedagogic and Academic Orientation:Research on the Reform of Teacher Education Curriculum in German Universities in the New Century

随着德国高等教育体系不断扩张,原本属于师范类院校的教师教育逐渐进入综合性大学,但综合性大学的教师教育却面临"边缘化"的困境。由此,增强教师教育课程体系的"师范性"导向,成为21世纪德国综合性大学教师教育改革的重要方向,包括确立"教育科学"的课程标准、明确"学科教学法"的重要地位、从知识类别的角度重塑对"学科专业"的认知。然而,从现实情况来看,综合性大学的教师教育课程体系在"师范性"与"学术性"导向之间存在诸多复杂面向,在讨论其关系时,不应被这两类具有主导性的"描述符号"所左右,而应结合大学各学段要求、科目差异与不同知识类别探索其视野盲点,这有助于以一种总体性视野来规划教师教育课程体系改革。

With the continuous expansion of the German higher education system,the teacher education that originally belonged to the pedagogical college is becoming part of the comprehensive university.However,the teacher education in comprehensive university is facing the problem of"Marginalization".Thus,in the new century,one important direction of teacher education reform in Germany’s comprehensive universities is to strengthen the"pedagogic"orientation of the teacher education curriculum system.It includes establishing the curriculum standards of"education science",clarifying the important position of"subject didactic"and reshaping the understanding of"subject specialty"from the perspective of"knowledge categories".However,from a practical point of view,there are many complex aspects between"pedagogic"and"academic"orientation in the teacher education curriculum system of comprehensive university.When discussing their relationship,we should not be influenced by these two dominant"descriptive symbols",but should explore the blind spots between them in combination with requirements of different stages in the university,subject variations and different knowledge categories.This will help us plan the reform of the teacher education curriculum system in the comprehensive university from an overall perspective.