高空抛物罪的法教义学分析

A Legal Doctrinal Analysis of High Altitude Throwing Crime

为维护人民头顶上的安全,《刑法修正案(十一)》第33条特别增设了高空抛物罪,这既是刑法正义理念的彰显,也契合了当前时代发展的客观需求。作为新设规范,囿于保护法益不明以及行为方式的概括性等因素影响,罪名的适用难免会出现供给不足。教义学是方法引导下法律适用的结果,能够确保罪名的精准适用。故以教义学为指导,可将本罪的保护法益界定为公众生活的安宁;行为方式是“从建筑物或者其他高空抛掷物品”,但是,“建筑物或其他高空”、“抛掷”与“物品”经解释存在多种含义,为了实现刑法的明确性,这都亟待澄清;“情节严重”作为构成要件的整体评价要素,其旨在表明客观法益侵害;我国刑法存在实害犯与危险犯的入罪形态,高空抛物犯罪应为危险犯,且是具体危险犯。

In order to safeguard people's overhead safety,Article 33 of the Amendment to the Criminal Law(XI)has specially added the crime of throwing objects from above,which not only reflects the justice concept of the criminal law,but also meets the objective needs of the development of the current era.As a new norm,the application of charges will inevitably be in short supply due to the influence of factors such as unclear interests of protection law and generality of behavior mode.Dogmatics is the result of the application of law under the guidance of method,which can guarantee the accurate application of crime.Therefore,under the guidance of dogma,the legal interest of protection of this crime can be defined as the peace of public life.The behavior mode is throwing objects from buildings or other heights.However,there are many meanings in the interpretation of buildings or other heights,throwing and objects,which all need to be clarified in order to achieve the clarity of criminal law.Serious circumstances,as an overall evaluation element of the constituent elements,aims to show the infringement of objective legal interests.The crime of throwing objects from high altitude should be a dangerous crime,and it is a specific dangerous crime.