无效行政协议的司法认定、法律后果及责任承担--基于《行政协议解释》的文本分析

Judicial Recognition,Legal Consequence,and Legal Liability of Invalid Administrative Agreements:Based on the Analysis of Provisions of Administrative Agreement

《最高人民法院关于审理行政协议案件若干问题的规定》明确了可适用民事法律规范确认行政协议无效。行政协议效力认定的过程中应当同时审查其合法性与合意性,但司法实践中,存在缺少合意性审查、合意性审查标准不明确、合意真实性举证困难等问题。对于认定无效的行政协议,法律后果中增设协议效力补正应当体现对合法性与合意性两方面的补全。无效行政协议的责任承担方式,有缔约过失责任和补救措施。为了平衡行政相对人合法权益保护与公共利益实现,缔约过失责任的产生时间、适用范围应当进一步明确,补救措施的设立和实施应当以诚实信用原则为基础,促成合同目的即公共利益的实现。

Confirmed by Provisions of the Supreme Court on the Trial of Administrative Agreement,related norms of civil law can be applied on the distinguish of invalid administrative agreements.To identify the validity of an administrative agree⁃ment,the legality and the genuineness of both sides must be concerned.However,in judicial practice,there are some prob⁃lems such as lack of inquiring on genuineness of assents,short of clear standards and difficulty in proving the genuineness of assents.For the invalid agreements,the supplement of the effectiveness should be made both for the legality and the genuine⁃ness of assents.The liabilities arising from invalid administrative agreements are mainly the duties for contracting fault and remedial measures.To keep the interests balanced between the ordinary and the country,there is necessary to definite the formative,scope,and the distribution of the contracting fault liabilities.The establishment and implementation of remedial measures should be based on the principle of good faith and promote the achievement of the contract,that is,the realization of public interests.