云南省2018-2019年病毒性腹泻病原监测分析

Surveillance and analysis of viral diarrhea pathogens in Yunnan province from 2018 to 2019

目的了解云南省病毒性腹泻的病原谱,探讨其流行规律,以期为临床治疗及防控部门有针对性地制定防控措施提供参考。方法采集2018年1月至2019年12月腹泻标本,分析病毒性腹泻流行病学特征,采用实时荧光定量PCR方法进行核酸检测。结果监测点共采集腹泻标本684例,其中男412例、女272例。云南省腹泻患者以散居儿童和幼托机构儿童为主。该次监测腹泻病毒检出率为51.02%,其中5岁以下患者腹泻病毒检出率较高。轮状病毒、诺如病毒在冬、春季节检出率较高,冬季分别为30.04%、22.61%,春季分别为26.77%,27.56%。札如病毒在春、夏季检出率较高,腺病毒在夏季高发,检出率为22.12%,星状病毒在各个季节均有感染。结论云南省病毒性腹泻仍以轮状病毒和诺如病毒为主,冬、春季节高发,对轮状病毒感染应加强轮状病毒疫苗的接种工作,谨防诺如病毒及腺病毒的暴发。

Objective To understand the pathogen spectrum of viral diarrhea in Yunnan province,to explore its epidemic law,in order to provide reference for clinical treatment and prevention and control departments to formulate targeted prevention and control measures.Methods Diarrhea samples were collected from January 2018 to December 2019 to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of viral diarrhea.Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR method was used for nucleic acid detection.Results This monitoring points collected a total of 684 cases of diarrhea samples,including 412 male cases and 272 female cases.Diarrhea patients in Yunnan province are mainly scattered children and children in preschool institutions.The detection rate of diarrhea virus in this surveillance was 51.02%,among which the detection rate of diarrhea virus in patients under 5 years old was higher.The detection rates of rotavirus and norovirus in winter and spring were 30.04%and 22.61%,respectively,and 26.77%and 27.56%in spring.The positive rate of sapovirus was higher in spring and summer,the positive rate of adenovirus was higher in summer,and the positive rate of astrovirus was 22.12%.Astrovirus was infected in all seasons.Conclusion Viral diarrhea in Yunnan province is still mainly rotavirus and norovirus,with high incidence in winter and spring.To deal with rotavirus infection,the vaccination of rotavirus vaccine should be strengthened to guard against the outbreak of norovirus and adenovirus.