美国重要病毒性生物恐怖剂疫苗研发情况分析

Development of vaccines against major viral bioterrorism agents in the United States

生物恐怖问题由来已久,美国炭疽邮件事件之后更是引起全球的广泛关注。病毒性生物恐怖剂是实施生物恐怖的重要手段,而疫苗是预防疾病发生的有效工具。该文主要介绍了美国针对天花病毒、埃博拉病毒、马尔堡病毒、拉沙病毒和马秋波病毒等病毒性生物恐怖剂的疫苗研发情况,包括具有应用前景的候选疫苗及其研发机构、所处研发阶段等,针对我国生物恐怖剂疫苗研发提出重视生物恐怖剂疫苗研发、发挥相关各方的职能作用、激发中小企业的创新活力以及协调鼓励国际合作与交流等建议。

Bioterrorism has a long history and has become a global concern since the Anthrax-Laced Letters Incident in the United States. Viral bioterrorism agents are an important means to implement bioterrorism,while vaccines play a critical role in preventing infectious diseases. This paper outlines the current research and development(R & D)of five viral bioterrorism vaccines in the United States:smallpox virus,Ebola virus,Marburg virus,Lassa virus and Machupo virus.Candidate vaccines with potential applications,their research institutes,and research phases are also mentioned. Four recommendations about the R & D of bioterrorism vaccines in China are offered,including attaching importance to the research of bioterrorism vaccines,giving full play to the functions of related departments,stimulating the innovation vitality of small and medium-sized enterprises,and coordinating and encouraging international cooperation and exchange.