灵芝新品种‘仙芝3号’的选育

Breeding of a New Ganoderma lucidum Variety‘Xianzhi 3’

通过种质资源收集,结合全基因组测序辅助分析,并进行分离初筛、小区品比、两年三地区域实验和示范推广,选育出灵芝新品种‘仙芝3号’。与对照(‘仙芝1号’和‘仙芝2号’)相比,‘仙芝3号’菌丝束粗,菌丝密度小于‘仙芝1号’、大于‘仙芝2号’,在不同温度(10、20、30℃)条件下的生长速度显著降低(P<0.05);三者之间存在明显的拮抗现象;菌盖厚度显著增加,菌盖横径显著变小,菌柄长度显著变短(P<0.05);区域实验时,现蕾早5、6 d,成熟孢子弹射早12、14 d;污染率显著降低(P<0.05);子实体多糖、三萜及甾醇含量(以齐墩果酸计)分别提高7.64%、5.71%和15.76%、11.53%,孢子粉多糖和甘油三油酸酯分别提高25.79%、24.80%和35.68%、36.07%,差异均显著(P<0.05);示范推广时,子实体、孢子粉的产量及有效成分含量稳定。结果表明,‘仙芝3号’是一个综合性状较为优良的灵芝新品种。

Through germplasm resource collection,whole genome sequencing assisted analysis,preliminary screening,plot comparison,two-year regional experiments and demonstration and promotion,a new variety of Ganoderma lucidum,‘Xianzhi 3’,was obtained.Compared with‘Xianzhi 1’and‘Xianzhi 2’(controls),‘Xianzhi 3’has thicker mycelial clusters and a mycelial density between that of‘Xianzhi 1’and‘Xianzhi 2’.‘Xianzhi 3’also has thicker pilei,a smaller transverse diameter and shorter stipes(P<0.05).In the study,‘Xianzhi 3’showed a slower growth rate than the controls at 10,20 and 30℃.During the regional experiments,‘Xianzhi 3’emerged fruiting bodies 5-6 days earlier than the controls,and also ejected mature spores 12-14 days earlier than the controls.The contamination rate of‘Xianzhi 3’was also significantly reduced(P<0.05).Contents of polysaccharides,and triterpenoids and sterols in fruiting bodies of‘Xianzhi 3’(calculated by oleanolic acid)were increased by 7.64%and 5.71%compared with‘Xianzhi 1’,and 15.76%and 11.53%compared with‘Xianzhi 2’,respectively.Contents of polysaccharides and triglycerides in spore powder of‘Xianzhi 3’were increased by 25.79%and 24.80%compared with‘Xianzhi 1’,and 35.68%and 36.07%compared with‘Xianzhi 2’,respectively.During the demonstration and promotion,‘Xianzhi 3’exhibited stable yields and effective compound contents in both fruiting bodies and spore powder.The results showed that‘Xianzhi 3’is a new G.lucidum variety with good comprehensive characteristics.