具有保健功效木材的制备及其特性研究进展

Advances in the Preparation and Properties of Wood with Health Benefits

木材是与人类关系最为密切的材料之一,作为纯天然的绿色环保材料,其具有完美的属性。它能够调节室内的温湿度,调整人的心理感觉,具有隔热保温、吸音隔声、杀菌灭虫等功能,从某种意义上可以说其具有延长人类寿命的神奇功效。但木材自身的优良功效在面临巨大的保健需求时,其局限性是显而易见的。因此,一些学者期望通过多种方式对木材加以复合或改性,以赋予其多样化的保健功能。现阶段针对具有保健功效的木材的研究制备主要集中于以下几个方面:(1)具有负离子释放功效的保健材,其制备主要集中于天然矿石木材复合改性以及改性剂添加的化学改性处理,多以浸渍的方式引入木材,制备方式简易,但负离子释放量相对较低,且存在流失率高、材料强度降低等缺陷;(2)木基电磁屏蔽保健材,其制备方式主要包括复合法及高温炭化法,其中复合型又包括表面涂覆型以及内部填充型,绝干木材本身为绝缘材,不具备导电功能,但木材为多孔隙结构,通过添加导电物质到木材中,使复合材具备电磁屏蔽的能效;(3)抑菌保健材,以具备杀菌功效的纳米银离子及二氧化钛改性剂载膜于木材表面为主,保健材对部分对人体健康有极大危害的代表性菌种具有显著的抗菌性,且呈现一定的持久性和稳定性;(4)中草药复合保健材,常以中药提取液注入木材,或通过在日常木制成品中直接放置粉末状药材,或在人造板生产过程添加中药成分的方式制备保健材,其方式简单高效,可充分发挥中药的药用价值;(5)远红外辐射保健材,以真空浸渍或贴面等方式与具有远红外线发射性能的材料复合,制备方式简单高效,实用性较强。本文对木材固有的保健功效进行了简述,针对保健材现阶段应用较广泛的领域的研究进展进行了综述,并对具保健功效木材的发展前景进行了展望。

Wood is one of the materials most closely related to human beings.As a pure natural green environmental protection material,it has perfect properties.It can adjust the temperature and humidity in the room and adjust people’s psychological feeling.It has the functions of heat insulation,sound absorption,sterilization and extermination.In a sense,it can have a magical effect that can prolong human life.However,the excellent efficacy of wood itself is obvious when faced with huge health needs.Therefore,some scholars expect that wood can be compounded or modified in various ways to give it a wider range of health effects.At this stage,the research and preparation of health-efficiency woods are mainly focused on the following aspects:(1)Health-care materials with anion-releasing effects,the preparation of which is mainly focused on the composite modification of natural ore and wood and the chemical modification treatment of modifiers.Introducing wood by impregnation,the preparation method is simple,but the negative ion release is relatively low,and there are defects such as high loss rate and reduced material strength.(2)Wood-based electromagnetic shielding health materials,the preparation methods mainly include composite method and high temperature carbonization method,in which the composite type includes surface coating type and internal filling type.The dry wood itself is an insulating material and does not have a conductive function,but the wood has a po-rous structure.By adding a conductive substance to the wood,the composite material has electromagnetic properties.Shielding energy efficiency.(3)Bacteriostatic health materials,mostly nano-silver ions and titanium dioxide modifiers with a bactericidal effect on the surface of wood,health care materials have significant antibacterial properties against to some representative bacteria which are harm to human health,and exhibits certain durability and stability.(4)Chinese herbal medicine compound health care material,often in traditional Chinese medicine extract way into the wood,or by directly placed in the daily use wooden finish powder medicine,or add in man-made board production process preparation way of Chinese native medicine ingredient care material,its simple and efficient way,can make full use of the medicinal value of Chinese traditional me-dicine.(5)The far-infrared radiation health care material is prepared by means of vacuum impregnation or veneer with the material with far-infrared ray emission performance.The preparation method is simple,efficient and practical.This article summarizes the inherent health benefits of wood,summarizes the research advances in the above fields that are widely studied at this stage,and looks forward to the development prospects of health wood.