黑龙江省克拜地区大豆救灾补种品种的选择

Screening of Soybean Varieties for Delayed Planting in Kebai Area,Heilongjiang Province

克拜地区位于黑龙江省西部,是东北北部重要的大豆产区。该地区春季干旱、低温等自然灾害频发,常导致大豆迟播或补种,正确选择适宜迟播的品种对该地区大豆生产具有重要意义。本研究选用分属MG 000、MG 00和MG 0生育期组的14个大豆品种,设置5个播期(5月11日、5月21日、6月2日、6月11日、6月22日),分析不同播期条件下大豆生育期、农艺性状及产量的变化情况,筛选适合克拜地区迟播补种的大豆品种。结果表明,随着播期的推迟,大豆播种至出苗、出苗至开花、开花至成熟等生育阶段及全生育期均呈缩短趋势。除正常播期(5月11日)外,参试品种的株高、主茎节数随播期推后而增加,而百粒重则下降。其中,黑河35百粒重反应较敏感,每迟播1 d百粒重降低0.15 g。产量与播期的关系较为复杂,7个品种在5月11日播种时产量最高,而包括当地主栽品种克山1号在内的7个品种在6月上、中旬播种产量较高;华疆4号(MG-0.2)和克山1号(MG-0.3)在5月下旬至6月中旬播种产量较高且稳定,可作为克拜地区救灾补种的优先选择品种;华疆2号(MG-0.5)、黑河51(MG-0.5)产量亦较稳定,可作为该期救灾补种的备选品种;如播期延迟至6月下旬,可选择黑河35(MG-1.1)、黑河49(MG-1.2)等超早熟品种。降水是影响克拜地区大豆产量的主要环境因素,品种和播期选择均应做到"花雨相遇"。

Kebai Area,located in the west part of Heilongjiang Province,is an important soybean producing region in the northeast China.Natural disasters especially drought stress and chilling in spring occurred frequently and usually caused late-or even re-planting in Kebai Area.Therefore,to select varieties with suitable maturity groups and yield is important for soybean production under delayed planting environments in this area.In the current study,14 soybean varieties belonged to MG 000,MG 00 and MG 0 were evaluated based on the performances in growth periods,agronomic traits and yield components in the date-of-planting experiments(May 11,May 21,June 2,June 11 and June 22),in order to select soybean varieties for different sowing dates in this area.The results showed that,along with the delay of sowing dates,the number of days from sowing to emergence(VE),days from VE to beginning bloom(R1),days from R1 to full maturity(R8)and days from VE to R8 were all shortened.The plant height and the number of nodes on main stem of the tested varieties were increased along with the delay of sowing dates except the normal planting date(May 11).However,the 100-seed weight of all tested varieties decreased with the delay of sowing dates.Among the tested varieties,Heihe 35 was more sensitive than others in 100-seed weight,i.e.,0.15 g decrease for each day delay when late-planted.The relationship between yield and planting dates were complicated.Seven out of 14 varieties yielded highest in the normal planting date,but another 7 including the local widely-planted variety of Keshan 1 yielded higher in late-planting(early to mid-June)than in early-planting.Huajiang 4(MG-0.2)and Keshan 1(MG-0.3)were high and stable in yield in different sowing dates,so they were recommended as the ideal varieties for late-planting in this region.Huajiang 2(MG-0.5)and Heihe 51(MG-0.5)can be used as alternative varieties for late-planting because they performed also stably in yield.Heihe 35(MG-1.1)and Heihe 49(MG-1.2),two super-early maturing varieties can be planted as late as in late-June.Rainfall distribution is the major environmental factor affecting soybean yield in Kebai Area.To efficiently use the natural precipitation in soybean production,it is imperative to make the rainy season overlap with the flowering period of soybean.