小麦常用育种技术研究进展

Research Progress of Common Wheat Breeding Techniques

小麦育种是将已有的遗传和变异理论应用于实践,通过人工选择、杂交和定向培育等手段来创造新的小麦品种的过程,对小麦产量的增加、品质的改善以及农业资源利用效率的提高起到了重要的作用。从杂交育种、单倍体育种及诱变育种这3种小麦育种主要途径出发,对其具体的育种方法进行对比分析和阐述,为小麦育种工作的深入开展奠定基础。

Wheat breeding is the process of applying the existing genetic and variation theory to practice,and creating new wheat varieties by means of artificial selection,hybridization and directional breeding,which plays an important role in increasing wheat yield,improving wheat quality and improving the utilization efficiency of agricultural resources.Based on the three main ways of wheat breeding,hybrid breeding,haploid breeding and mutation breeding,the specific breeding methods were analyzed and elaborated,which laid the foundation for the further development of wheat breeding.