警察权属性的考辨与反思

An Examination and Reflection of the Attribute of Police Power

警察权的属性是警察法乃至公法研究的基础理论问题之一。国内学界对警察权属性的认识分歧较大,试图从政府权力分支中发现和确认警察权属性的思路亟须反思。警察权在历史上并未被纳入政府分权或权力分工的框架,理论上也不适宜成为或被归属于某一权力分支。不同于按照法律秩序运行逻辑划分的结构性权力,警察权应被视为一种主要承担秩序维持任务及可以使用特殊强制力的功能性权力,使国家维持秩序、防止危险的工作从整体上获得警察权理论的系统性观察、指引与规范。

The attribute of police power is one of the basic theoretical problems in the study of police law and even public law.There are great differences in understanding the attribute of police power in Chinese academia.It becomes urgent to fundamentally consider the idea of trying to find and confirm the attribute of police power from the branches of government power.Police power has not been included in the framework of division or separation of government power in history,and it is not suitable in theory to become or fall within a branch of power.Unlike the structural power divided by the operational logic of legal order,police power should be regarded as a kind of functional power exerted to maintain order and to allow special coercive force use,so that the state can keep order and prevent risks based on systematic observation,guidance and norms from the police power theory.