森林康养游憩者场所感知与健康效益评估关系研究——以成都龙泉山城市森林公园为例

Study on the Relationship between Site Perception and Health Benefit Evaluation of People in Forest Recreation Tourism——A Case Study of Longquanshan Urban Forest Park in Chengdu

森林康养是旅游业供给侧结构性改革下的创新业态,研究森林康养游憩者场所感知与健康效益评估间的作用机制,对康养旅游产业转型升级具有重要的实践意义。文章以游憩者场所感知为切入点,创新性地引入时限性自我调节理论,构建森林康养游憩者景观知觉自然度、场所依恋2个场所感知概念与健康效益评估三者的结构关系模型,以成都龙泉山城市森林公园为例进行实证分析,探讨森林环境及个体心理因素对康养效益的累积驱动效应。结果表明:(1)"自然属性感知""自然空间感知""自然形态感知"3个维度均能有效反映森林康养游憩者景观知觉自然度,其中,"自然形态感知"影响最为显著(0.840),"自然属性感知"影响次之(0.815),"自然空间感知"影响最小(0.735);(2)森林康养场所"物质环境质量"直接影响游憩者的场所依赖,并间接影响场所认同;(3)森林康养游憩者的情绪状态是影响健康效益评估的关键,情绪的稳定能有效改善健康效益评估;(4)森林康养游憩者健康效益评估具备"景观知觉自然度→健康效益评估"的简单影响路径和"景观知觉自然度→场所依赖→场所认同→健康效益评估"及"景观知觉自然度→场所认同→健康效益评估"2条复杂影响路径。自然度对场所依赖、场所认同和健康效益评估均有显著正向影响,场所依赖对场所认同有显著正向影响,场所认同对健康效益评估有显著正向影响。基于研究结论提出3点政策启示:强化政府对森林康养产业近自然森林经营理念的持续性扶持作用;重视森林康养游憩者情感体验管理;加强宣传机制和经济效益的组合效能,优化康养旅游环境。

Forest recreation is an innovative format under the structural reform of the supply-side of the tourism industry. The study of the mechanism between the perception of forest recreation and recreational places and the evaluation of health benefits has important practical significance for the transformation and upgrading of the tourism industry. The paper takes the place perception of recreationalists as the breakthrough point, innovatively introduces the theory of time-limited self-regulation, and constructs a structural relationship model of the two concepts of place perception, naturalness, place attachment and health benefit evaluation of forest recreationalists. Taking Longquan Mountain Urban Forest Park as an example to conduct empirical analysis to explore the cumulative driving effect of forest environment and individual psychological factors on health benefits. The results show that:(1)The three dimensions of "perception of natural attributes" "perception of natural space" and "perception of natural form" can effectively reflect the naturalness of the landscape perception of forest recreationalists. Among them, "perception of natural form" has the most significant impact(0.840), the impact of "perception of natural attributes" is the second(0.815)and the impact of "perception of natural space" is the least(0.735).(2)The "material environmental quality" of health care places directly affects the place dependence of recreational users and indirectly affects place identification.(3)The emotional state of forest recreational recreationalists is the key to the evaluation of health benefits. The emotional stability of recreational recreationalists can effectively improve the evaluation of health benefits.(4)The health benefit assessment of forest recreational recreationalists has a simple influence path of "landscape perception naturalness→health benefit assessment", "landscape perception naturalness→place dependence→place identity→health benefit assessment" and "landscape perception naturalness→place identity→ "health benefit assessment" two complex impact paths. Naturalness has a significant positive impact on place dependence, place identity and health benefit evaluation. Place dependence has a significant positive effect on place identity, and place identity has a significant positive effect on health benefit evaluation. Based on the research conclusions, three policy enlightenments are put forward: to strengthen the forest health industry’s near-natural forest management concept, to attach importance to the emotional experience management of forest health and recreational users, to strengthen the combined effectiveness of the propaganda mechanism and economic benefits to optimize health and wellness tourism environment.