经营规模对农户异质性生态生产行为的影响研究

Study on the Impact of Operation Scale on Farmers’ Heterogeneous Ecological Production Behavior

基于安徽省、江西省、湖北省、湖南省4个长江中游粮食主产省份979户农户的微观调查数据,利用Ordered Probit模型,实证分析了经营规模对异质性生态生产行为的影响。结果表明:(1)农户生态生产行为可分为投入减量型生态生产行为和技术采用型生态生产行为。(2)经营规模与投入减量型生态生产行为呈U型关系,与技术采用型生态生产行为呈正比例关系。(3)进一步区分不同经营主体,农户投入减量型生态生产行为的影响因素在小农户与种粮大户间存在差异,而技术采用型生态生产行为的影响因素在小农户与种粮大户间差异较小。对此,政府应加强公益性农民施药用肥的知识与技能培训,并在对象选择上,考虑农户土地经营规模的区间及其经营主体类型;在内容倚重上,不仅要强化农户学习科学的施药用肥技术,更要普及过量施用农药化肥的负外部性的相关知识。

The recorded microscopic survey data of 979 farmers in Anhui,Jiangxi,Hunan and Hubei provinces is empirically analyzed using Semi-logarithm multiple regression and ordered probit models on the basis of theoretical analysis. The results are shown as following: (1) The eco-production behavior of farmers can be divided into input-reduction and technology-adoption types. (2) A U-shaped correlation is found to exist between the land scale and the input-reduction type eco-production behavior,while a proportional correlation between the land scale and the technology adoption type eco-production behavior. (3) The influencing factors of farmers’ input-reduction eco-production behavior are different between small and scale farmers,but there are few differences in the influencing factors of farmers ’ eco-production behavior of technology adoption between small farmers and scale farmers. Thus,the public knowledge and skills training of farmers should be enhanced. In terms of object selection of public training, the type of business entity and the scale of farmers must be considered. On the basis of content,it is necessary not only to strengthen farmers ’ scientific and technical application of pesticides and fertilizer technology,but also to popularize the knowledge of negative externalities of excessive application of pesticides and fertilizers.